Keyword: «civilization»

Article represents the analysis of a role of the political rights and freedoms in the statement of civilization from the point of view of ideological sources and a current state. The author, addressing to conclusions of thinkers of New time and Russia concerning achievement of the status of the citizen, considers that people only in that case will be active participants of political life – active citizens if they are members of the developed civil society which is also possible only from the moment of appearance of the citizen as the independent and individual member of the society allocated with a certain complex of the political rights and freedoms

The authors reveal the key points of the cultural theory of A. Toynbee: concept of civilization, concept of civilized growth dynamics, mechanisms of civilization (mimesis, mutation). These concepts, as a kind of “acupuncture” theory, allow to held the scientific and philosophical analysis of the realities of culture, see the occurred changes in the aspect of the Renaissance (height)/degradation (decay). These issues are particu-larly acute on the agenda of the relevant existing Russian Orthodox culture.

The authors reveal the key points of the cultural theory of O. Spengler: the decline of the West. The authors describe the ideas of the theory in the Russian and European cultures.

The paper deals with the detailed analysis of the essential (invariant) characteristics of (antagonistic) personality types primarily based on up-to-date concept of cultural theorist, talented anthropologist of the twentieth century Jose Ortega y Gasset. Special attention is paid to the identification of anthropological characteristics of the individual in the phenomenology of art: the “aristocracy” in the elitist art, the “average person” in mass art. The authors view the causes of decline (traditional) culture (its washout due the processes of mass culture). They cause increasing existential angst intellectuals, theorists, concerned with the fate of modern (Western) civilization.

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of humanism phenomena and consumer civilization against the background of contemporary global problems comprehension. The core of the research interest is the evolution of humanistic ideas and principles in European philosophy from the Renaissance to existentialism, as well as their transformation under the conditions of the modern social and cultural situation. The authors of the article demonstrate a multidisciplinary approach to the problem under study, using for its solution methods of philosophical, linguo-cognitive and sociological analysis.