Keyword: «crafts»

The paper deals with the description of county-level towns in the Ryazan province, made on the basis of the economic notes of the end of the 1790s, compiling ideas about urban life in its various forms: trade, appearance of “factories” and their subsequent activities, crafts, routine activities of residents.

The paper discusses the identity of “burachny” craft (art manufacture of utensils from birch bark) of city of Nizhny Salda, Sverdlovsk Region. On the basis of reliable historical data and expeditionary sources, we show unique artistic handwriting Salda’s masters. Also studied religious affiliation craftsmen and moral sources of their creativity.

The paper discusses the establishment of manual labor in Russia and foreign countries prior to the XX cen-tury. The author reviews Russian, French and Swedish systems of manual labor training; examines the con-cept of “manual labor” and its importance in education: goals, focus, and summary. There is an attempt to evaluate the ideas of teachers of the past from the position of modernity.

The paper analyzes the programs on the manual labor of the early XX century. The author discusses the program of K. Yu. Tsiruyl, I. Schneerson, O. A. Salomon; the specificity of manual labor teaching in the early twentieth century; the types of works recommended for execution of different groups of materials for the manufacture of products.