pedagogy, history of pedagogy and education, theory and methodology of education and training (divided by fields)
ART 191047
In the context of the FSES implementation, teachers must feel that they are active subjects of their own activities, create a favorable climate in the classroom, influence in a positive way on children's self-appraisal and self-attitude, stimulate their desire for success in learning and contribute to their personal development. The problem of health, mental health of the teacher becomes particularly relevant under these conditions. The purpose of this study is to examine the level of subjective control of primary school teachers in general education institutions in five areas: taking responsibility for their lives, accepting themselves, the ability to live in the present, the meaningfulness of individual being, and accepting other people. The article analyzes the factors of primary school teachers development at the present stage of pedagogical science development in domestic and foreign scientific literature. The epistolary composition method with further processing by means of content analysis was chosen as the leading method of experimental work on the study of the level of subjective control of primary school teachers. To obtain objective data, the study also used observation of teachers’ activity and behavior when attending classes, as well as the method of studying the level of subjective control. The results of the study showed that primary school teachers of the Lyceum No. 10 can feel that they are active subjects of their activities and they are able to establish relationships with students on the principles of respect, trust, understanding, to maintain a good psychological climate in the classroom, to influence on their self- appraisal and self-analysis of their actions, to create a "situation of success." However, many of them (28%) have a low level of subjective control. These data resulted in the adjustment of measures for supporting the professional development of teachers. The article may be interesting to methodologists who are in charge of the professional development of teachers, and the heads of educational institutions.
ART 191046
Education and development of schoolchildren is closely connected with reading, so improving the text reading efficiency is one of the problems intensively studied by various scientists in the field of didactics, psychology and linguistics. Reading involves extracting information from the text, which requires decoding phonetic relationships between letters and sounds, as well as understanding the meaning. The result of reading depends on the parameters of the reader and the text he/she reads. The aim of the work: 1) using the information-cybernetic approach, to create a simulation model of the reader’s (pupil’s) activity, taking into account the psychological patterns of perception, remembering and forgetting information, that would allow us to investigate the main regularities of reading texts; 2) to study the behavior of this model under different characteristics of the reader and the text; to explain the results obtained. The system-cybernetic approach is applied, as well as methods of qualitative, mathematical and computer modeling. In the proposed simulation model, human memory is modeled by three matrixes in which syllables, words and sentences are «remembered». Numbers from the intervals [0; 1] are matrix elements, which are equal to the probabilities of correct reproduction of these components of the text. Syllable recognition is modeled as a random process with a probability 0.05 – 1. When the pupil has read all the syllables correctly, he understands the word being read, and the corresponding element of the matrix is assigned 1. After reading the sentence, the pupil tries to understand its meaning; the result depends on the degree of understanding and memorization of the words that make up this sentence. The model takes into account: 1) the multilevel structure of the reader's memory; 2) the probabilistic nature of reading syllables, understanding words and sentences; 3) the exponential law of forgetting uncomprehended information (syllables); 4) the logistic law of forgetting comprehended information (words, sentences); 5) the effect of feedback on the repeated reading of words and sentences in case of their incomprehension; 6) reducing the speed of forgetting information during re-reading. As a result of the pupil’s reading simulation, we obtain the graphs of the level of the entire text and separate sentences comprehension dependence on time; it is shown that the time of reading the text depends seriously on the «reader’s» characteristics and the text parameters. The situations when the reader (pupil) poorly reads syllables, slowly understands and quickly forgets the read text are also considered here. The computer program used is written in the Free Pascal environment and consists of nested loops that correspond to the reading of syllables, words and sentences. The novelty lies in the fact that an imitational model of the reader was created, with the help of which the dependence of the student’s knowledge on time, the student’s working time with text on reading speed, the degree of understanding of various sentences on their ordinal number with different text parameters was studied.
Keywords:
learning, memory, reading, sentence, computer simulation, word, cybernetic approach, control theory
ART 191045
The relevance of the research topic in the article is due to ongoing changes in Russia at the political, economic and socio-cultural levels, which have necessitated changes in the higher education system. An objective contradiction arose between the growing need of a modern person for the ability to perform productive linguistic and cultural activities in the context of rapid updating of information and the undeveloped theoretical and methodological foundations of linguistic culture formation in the process of students’ self-education in teaching a foreign language. The purpose of the research: the development of the linguistic culture formation concept in the process of students’ self-education in teaching a foreign language and its implementation at the university. The article was prepared with the use of the following methods: theoretical review and analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the research problem, pedagogical observation and generalization of Russian universities experience. According to the results of the research, it was found that the use of the concept, developed in the course of the research, contributed to solving the most important scientific and methodological problems of effective training for linguistic and cultural activities and continuous self-education of students in foreign language teaching at Russian universities. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development of a holistic concept, which reveals the essence, goals and objectives, the substantive characteristics of the linguistic culture formation model in the process of self-education of students in teaching a foreign language. The practical significance of the research lies in the development of a method of linguistic culture forming in the process of students’ self-education in teaching a foreign language at the university. As a result, it is concluded that the use of the data, obtained in the course of the research, will allow us to further adapt the method of forming linguistic culture in the process of students’ self-education in teaching a foreign language at other types of educational institutions: secondary and additional professional education.
ART 191044
The relevance of the study is due to the need to ensure the quality of vocational education. The quality of network educational programs implementation as innovative forms of the educational process in higher education system is of particular importance. The analysis of articles and experience in assessing the quality of the implementation of network educational programs shows that this issue is considered quite systematically. The characteristics and features of the quality assessment of network educational programs implementation are presented, criteria and indicators are proposed, methods and diagnostic tools are justified. However, due to the need for universities to develop and implement basic vocational educational programs based on updated federal state educational standards for higher education, the methodology and procedures for assessing the quality of networked educational programs implementation in higher education need to be improved. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the quality assessment of network-based educational programs implementation in higher education in the context of federal state educational standards requirements for higher education. To solve the problems of the research, the following methods were used: analysis of legal documents, pedagogical modeling and design; study of the universities’ experience of the local acts development concerning the implementation of network educational programs; study of the conclusions of expert groups containing information on the results of assessing the quality of network educational programs implementation. It was found that the features of assessing the quality of network educational programs implementation in higher education depend on the specifics of the network form, which provides the opportunity for students to master the educational program using the resources of several organizations, as well as the model of network educational programs chosen by the educational organization. The results of the research may be used for the development of local acts by universities, regulating the implementation of network educational programs; they can help universities determine the ways of improving interaction with organizations which resources may be used to increase the quality of vocational education.
ART 191043
. The Federal Law “About Education in the Russian Federation”, regulating social relations in the field of education, establishes the principles and directions of additional education for schoolchildren. Additional education should ensure the adaptation of children to life in modern society, predetermine their choice of profession. The breakthrough of science, we witness in the 21st century, requires fundamentally new skills from society, the skills to master the emerging technologies efficiently, to understand their working principle. The present generation of schoolchildren should be ready for life in a society with needs for technical progress, possess the necessary level of technical culture. The key components of technical culture are technical knowledge and technical competence. Achieving a high level of technical culture of schoolchildren requires a holistic approach to the process of its development. The models for building up students' key competences provided by the school’s educational program do not adequately shape the technical culture of schoolchildren. Students are surrounded by a wide variety of technical devices in everyday life, but not all of them understand how to use them, and some of them do not know the principle of their work. The discipline of robotics that has appeared in the educational environment allows students to learn more about the principles of operation of such devices, and sometimes to construct these devices themselves, which develops the technical competence of schoolchildren and helps acquire technical knowledge. The possibility of developing the technical culture of schoolchildren with the help of educational robotics and the need to work out educational methods in this area determine the relevance of the study. The article describes the criteria for evaluating indicators and the levels of technical culture, acquired interdisciplinary knowledge of students as a part of the work of additional educational programs in robotics, the results of the implementation and testing of the educational methodology. The materials of the article will help to supplement the existing methods of teaching robotics, and help stimulate teachers to project work with students. It may be considered as educational material in the development of additional devices for robotic sets.