Keyword: «unconscious»

The article deals with the problems of child-parent relations, presented in the theories of mental development in foreign psychology. The main attention is paid to the concepts of Z. Freud, A. Adler, E. Erickson, J. Bowlby, who had a certain influence on the ideas about the relationship between parents and children in the family as an important factor in the development of the child's psyche. As shown, psychologically dangerous is the violation of deep connections in child-parent relations and alienation caused by a lack of attention and respect of parents in interaction with their children. Excessive guardianship or rejection on the part of parents can contribute to the formation of an inferiority complex in a child. If parents overindulge their children, indulge in everything, children may develop a sense of inferiority, inability to overcome difficult life problems. Parental neglect of children, their rejection leads to the fact that children have an uncertainty that they are loved and can appreciate them. Caring, consistent and predictable communication between the mother and the child creates the basis for a sense of identity, faith in yourself and the world around you. In this process, the mother's confidence in the correctness of her actions is important. The first signs of trust in the mother are the behavior of the child, who does not experience excessive anxiety when she is removed. As a result of establishing a balance between trust and distrust, a positive quality of the Ego appears – hope, faith in the fulfillment of one's desires. The mother's display of sensitivity and responsiveness contributes to the formation of a reliable and intense attachment, gives the child a sense of security and security, promotes the development of social skills, behavioral and communicative competence. Violations in the formation of child-parent relationships can create the basis for the development of a neurotic personality.

The article deals with the phenomenon of spontaneity and its role in human life. A theoretical analysis of the concepts of foreign psychology was carried out, where they draw on the significant role of the phenomenon of spontaneity. Currently, psychological science faces an interesting question – to study the significance of unconscious mental processes in human life, attempts to establish control over a variety of mental phenomena, one of which is the phenomenon of spontaneity. Therefore, it is important to familiarize people with this phenomenon in order to increase the level of psychological culture.