Svetlana V. Savinova

Students of artistic literacy should be able to draw a human figure, freely depict the movement of the figure, its anatomical and spatial location. This is necessary for artistic and creative work in future. A graduate will not be ready for professional activity as an artist without the ability to draw a figure. The purpose of the article: to propose a developed series of assignments for sketching a naked human figure, with various specially designed tasks. The following methods were applied: analysis of special literature; analysis of students' sketches; pedagogical experiment. The aim of the assignments is to make sketches of a naked human figure, starting from simple movements and going on with more complex movements of the figure. First, it is proposed to make a sketch with a static counterpoint of a standing figure, then move on to a sitting human figure in dynamics, the dynamics is expressed by turning the shoulder girdle to the pelvic girdle so that there is twisting of the body. Then the tasks become more complicated with sketches of a human figure in a supine position without an angle, then in a complex angle, while it is recommended to be at a sufficient distance from the model in order to avoid distortion of proportions in the sketches. And the series of assignments ends with the task of depicting a graphic artistic image of a figure in a sketch. To solve this task, it is recommended to organize a thematic setting. It was revealed that the developed assignments have a positive effect on the development of skills for sketching a naked human figure. The use of assignments in the educational process allows us to achieve higher results in mastering artistic literacy in drawing. The theoretical significance of the article lies in justification of the methodology of teaching students to make sketches of the human figure. The practical implication of the study lies in the proposal of methodically based assignments, the effectiveness of which has been proven in the process of pedagogical experiment. The results of the study are ready for use in the educational process when teaching students academic drawing in the section of drawing the human figure.

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the existing system of training designers in drawing does not provide high-quality training of students, the readiness of graduates for creative project activities suffers from this. The purpose of the article: to present a designed system of teaching academic drawing in design education, which allows us to provide modern professional training of designers in drawing. The methodology of the study is a systematic approach that makes it possible to see the pedagogical system in the process of teaching drawing and identify its main properties and characteristics. The research methods are the analysis of methodological works on the training of designers in drawing, pedagogical modeling and pedagogical experiment. As a result of the research, a model of the system of teaching drawing in design education has been developed, which allows us to increase the effectiveness of teaching. The model reveals its composition, structure and functional orientation. A program for managing the drawing teaching system has been compiled. The program assumes the transition of the system to the development mode under certain specified conditions. A set of special tasks has been compiled, which helps students effectively master the methodological principles of working on the drawing by creating an effective system of their repetition, and tasks providing for the future project work of graduates. The conditions that should be taken into account when implementing the designed model of the system of teaching drawing are identified. These conditions are primarily related to the managerial impact on the existing system in the process of its transition to the developed one. The results of the study are ready for use in the educational process in the preparation of designers, they are applicable when planning the work of drawing departments to rationalize the goals, objectives and structure of scientific and methodological work.

Preschool education is assigned a task not only to form ideas in children and develop their skills and abilities, but also to ensure the ability and readiness to live in modern society, achieve socially significant goals, interact effectively and solve life problems. The purpose of the study was to identify the organizational and pedagogical conditions for the development of communicative abilities of children aged 6–7 years in the process of using a Lego set. The leading research methods were: analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization of psychological and pedagogical research works and methodological literature on the research problem, pedagogical experiment, method of mathematical statistics – G-criterion of signs. As a result of the study, the structure of communicative abilities was revealed, which includes three key components – cognitive, behavioral and emotional, in accordance with which the criteria and indicators for the development of communicative abilities of older preschoolers are determined, and the levels of their development (initial, normative and advanced) are characterized taking into account the peculiarities of communicative abilities development among children of senior preschool age. The development of communication skills can be considered as an accompanying task of any additional education program, including technical one. Thus, two areas are combined in the course of the implementation of the additional general educational (general developmental) program "Lego-city" within the framework of the study: teaching the basics of constructing using a Lego set and developing communication skills. The theoretical significance lies in the definition and characterization of the component structure of the communicative abilities of older preschool children. The practical significance lies in the selection and experimental testing of diagnostic tools, presented in two series (for children and educators), to identify the level of communicative abilities development among older preschool children; working out and testing the program for the development of communicative abilities of older preschool age children in the process of "Lego-city" construction with the use of a Lego set. The study may be relevant for the teachers of preschool and additional education, as well as for students of pedagogical areas of training.

This article discusses the effectiveness of using the project method in environmental education of senior preschool age children. The purpose of this work is to identify the effectiveness of the development of ideas about the world of trees in senior preschoolers in the process of project activity. The leading methods for studying the problem are theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature and a pedagogical experiment. The authors present the ideas of senior preschoolers about the world of trees and characterize the project activity as a way of developing ideas about the world of trees among senior preschoolers. They also present the projects "Golden Autumn" and "Trees around the Kindergarten", and evaluate their effectiveness.

The authors consider the potential of using a flannel playmat for the development of ideas about domestic animals in children of junior preschool age. They define the requirements for the carpet playmat, and offer an example of using playing educative case for the development of ideas about domestic animals with the help of the carpet playmat.