Ключевое слово: «chemical composition»

This article presents the results of studies of fluctuating asymmetry and chemical composition of poplar leaves Populus nigra L. in Sibai. The city is a major industrial center for the extraction and processing of copper-pyrite ores in the Trans-Urals of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Bioindication methods are used to assess the ecological state of the studied territory. In the course of the conducted studies, it was found that the average value of the fluctuating asymmetry characterizes the strong, extreme pollution of the Sibai environment. The content of chemical elements in poplar leaves exceeds regulation on maximum permissible limits by several times, with the exception of nickel and cadmium. According to V.V. Dobrovolsky, the concentrations of heavy metals are many times higher than in Clark plants. The ecological state of the city is characterized as an ecological catastrophe and an ecological crisis. The data obtained can be used in conducting comprehensive monitoring studies of urbanized territories.

This article describes the results of studies of the chemical composition of vegetation in the impact zone of mining enterprises in Sibai (Republic of Bashkortostan) for the period from 2019 to 2023. It has been revealed that mining of copper-crushed ores affects the ecosystem, and leads to the accumulation of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb and Cd in plants. An analysis of the chemical composition of the indicator species showed that the plants Artemisia austriaca, Galium verum and Veronica incana are characterized by the accumulation of most of the studied heavy metals and the excess of plant Clarke according to Dobrovolsky in Fe, Zn, Mn. All elements in the study area, except for Zn in Kalinino village and Mukasovo village, belong to group 2 (Kb < 1) with a low intensity of biological absorption. The concentrator of Zn, Fe, Mn is Artemisia austriaca, the concentrator of Fe, Mn is Galium verum, the concentrator of Fe is Veronica incana. In case of anthropogenic pollution, the accumulation of Ni and Cu in plants is most significant, which was noted in all the studied species. Galium verum, a species capable of accumulating the largest list of heavy metals, has been proposed as an indicator plant of pollution associated with the development of a limestone deposit.