Ключевое слово: «vegetation»

This article describes the results of studies of the chemical composition of vegetation in the impact zone of mining enterprises in Sibai (Republic of Bashkortostan) for the period from 2019 to 2023. It has been revealed that mining of copper-crushed ores affects the ecosystem, and leads to the accumulation of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb and Cd in plants. An analysis of the chemical composition of the indicator species showed that the plants Artemisia austriaca, Galium verum and Veronica incana are characterized by the accumulation of most of the studied heavy metals and the excess of plant Clarke according to Dobrovolsky in Fe, Zn, Mn. All elements in the study area, except for Zn in Kalinino village and Mukasovo village, belong to group 2 (Kb < 1) with a low intensity of biological absorption. The concentrator of Zn, Fe, Mn is Artemisia austriaca, the concentrator of Fe, Mn is Galium verum, the concentrator of Fe is Veronica incana. In case of anthropogenic pollution, the accumulation of Ni and Cu in plants is most significant, which was noted in all the studied species. Galium verum, a species capable of accumulating the largest list of heavy metals, has been proposed as an indicator plant of pollution associated with the development of a limestone deposit.

The article presents the results of introduction experiments with two rare shrub species, Rhododendron dauricum and Ribes dikuscha, under the sharply continental climate of Yakutia. A key variable in the study was the comparison between the native habitat conditions (Maysky District: January mean −42°C, July mean +15°C, mountainous terrain) and the introduction site (Suntar District: January mean −33…−35°C, July mean +17…+19°C, plateau relief). Over three growing seasons (2022–2024), Rhododendron dauricum demonstrated a highly successful introduction outcome, showing stable annual development, increased flowering duration (from 8 to 15 days), a total height increment of 22 cm (from 24 cm to 46 cm), and leaf dimensions approaching natural values. The plant exhibited high frost hardiness, retained its natural growth habit, and showed no signs of pest or disease damage. Ribes dikuscha displayed satisfactory vegetative adaptation but failed to achieve generative development (no flowering or fruiting) during the five-year observation period, despite strong frost resistance and disease tolerance.