Ключевое слово: «heavy metals»

This article presents the results of studies of fluctuating asymmetry and chemical composition of poplar leaves Populus nigra L. in Sibai. The city is a major industrial center for the extraction and processing of copper-pyrite ores in the Trans-Urals of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Bioindication methods are used to assess the ecological state of the studied territory. In the course of the conducted studies, it was found that the average value of the fluctuating asymmetry characterizes the strong, extreme pollution of the Sibai environment. The content of chemical elements in poplar leaves exceeds regulation on maximum permissible limits by several times, with the exception of nickel and cadmium. According to V.V. Dobrovolsky, the concentrations of heavy metals are many times higher than in Clark plants. The ecological state of the city is characterized as an ecological catastrophe and an ecological crisis. The data obtained can be used in conducting comprehensive monitoring studies of urbanized territories.

This article presents the results of studies of the chemical composition of soils in the impact zone of a mining enterprise in the vicinity of Sibay (Republic of Bashkortostan) for the period from 2019 to 2023. Analysis of the dynamics of the soil chemical composition showed the presence of significant excess levels of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb and Cd. The data obtained indicate the need to develop measures to restore disturbed lands and conduct ongoing monitoring studies to assess the ecological state of the natural environment.

The results of chemical analysis of soils and soil dust for the content of Ca, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Cd, Sb, Ba, and Pb near the tailings pond of the Sibai processing plant, located on the outskirts of the city of Sibai, are presented. Significant exceedances of the estimated permissible concentrations of metals were identified. The content of Zn and Cu in the soils exceeds the regulatory values by 6 to 9 times, Cd by 2.6 times, and Pb by 4 times, respectively. The amount of Cu in the soil dust is 9 times higher than the established level, Zn – 14 times, Cd – 4 times and Pb – 12 times, respectively. When comparing the content of heavy metals in soils and dust, a higher amount of them was found in the dust. The content of Cr in dust is higher than in soil (by 2 times), there are no sharp differences in V and Sc. High concentrations of MnO and Fe2O3 are observed in the soil dust. The content of most chemical elements in dust samples contributes to the rapid spread of pollutants into the natural environment.