Ключевое слово: «permafrost»

Forest fires are a powerful environmental factor affecting the development of forest biogeocenoses in many ways. In difficult conditions in the north, forest fires have a negative impact on forest ecosystems. They destroy the soil layer, contribute to the development of severe erosion and release pollutants into the atmosphere. Forest fires have a great negative impact on forest ecosystems with low rehabilitation potential, which include forests of Yakutia growing in permafrost areas. As a result of fires, numerous negative substances (CO2, CO, CH4, NOx) and smoke particles (solid aerosols) enter the atmosphere, which affect the physico-chemical processes in the atmosphere, regulate the radiation balance and affect the climate.

The construction of roads in the soil with permafrost showed that the general technical developments obtained in the last century do not allow taking into account existing problems in geocryological conditions. Currently, the construction of highways is carried out in various geographical conditions. In this case, depending on climatic conditions and geological features of the area, roads with various technical parameters are erected. For example, for areas of permafrost soils, various technologies that are implemented in the construction of highways. For areas of permafrost soils, as a rule, the general method would be laying the roadbed with its subsequent thermal insulation. The article discusses the features of thermal insulation in permafrost areas, where the aspects of construction of the roadbed were revealed as well as considered methods of laying geo-synthetic materials.

Understanding heat and mass transfer processes, especially those involving phase transitions, is fundamental for engineering applications in permafrost regions. These processes significantly influence the stability and design of structures, making accurate modeling a critical challenge. This research presents a robust mathematical model coupled with a numerical method to analyze the interplay of heat transfer, fluid motion, and phase transitions. By employing advanced finite element methods, the study provides a reliable tool for simulating scenarios that mimic real-world conditions in frozen soils. The simulations, performed across various geometric configurations, demonstrate the model's effectiveness in capturing complex dynamic phenomena, such as the movement of fluids and temperature evolution during phase transitions. These insights are particu-larly valuable for designing resilient infrastructure, such as pipelines and foundations, in harsh, extreme climates where permafrost stability is a critical concern. The study thus bridges the gap between theoretical modeling and practical engineering solutions.

This article analyzes the principal environmental issues arising from helium concentrate extraction in the Arctic regions of Russia, focusing on the Oil and Gas Condensate Field. The study examines the impacts of industrial activities on atmospheric air, water resources, soil and land stability, biodiversity, and the geological environment under extreme permafrost conditions. The legal framework regulating these processes is reviewed, and modern mitigation strategies including carbon capture, wastewater bioreactors, geotextile stabilization, and thermosiphon technologies are discussed. The article emphasizes the importance of adopting best available technologies and sustainable management practices to minimize ecological risks and ensure long-term environmental safety in Arctic industrial projects.