Ключевое слово: «student autonomy»

The article examines the evolution of the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the practice of teaching foreign languages in higher education. The author analyzes the main areas of application of digital tools-from traditional computer programs to modern platforms of artificial intelligence and virtual reality. Special attention is paid to the methodological integration of ICT in communication-oriented learning, as well as the problems of forming students ' autonomy and developing critical thinking in the digital environment. Based on the generalization of domestic and foreign studies, the hypothesis is formulated that the effectiveness of ICT is determined not so much by the technical capabilities of the tools, but by the degree to which they correspond to the didactic goals and individual trajectories of students. Examples of successful practices of Moscow State University are given and conclusions are drawn about the need to develop hybrid learning models that combine full-time and distance learning formats.