№ 06 (June)

he problem of psychological readiness of children to learn has always been relevant, since the success of future development and education of children depends on the ways of its solution, which is a pledge of their competitiveness on the labor market, and also their success in general. At the moment, there is a tendency of an earlier start of learning as many parents tend to start the process at the age of 3 or 4. This issue is controversial, since the conditions for the formation of psychological readiness of children for early learning, although formulated in general, but they are unique in each case and require an individual approach, especially in the process of early foreign language learning. Thus, the purpose of this article is to identify the main components of children’s psychological readiness to learn at early age in general and to start early foreign language learning in particular. The author used in her work the results of some Russian and foreign scientists’ studies concerning the main components of psychological readiness of children for learning. The experience of teachers and psychologists has been generalized using such social psychological methods as observation, questioning and surveys. The article highlights the main components of psychological readiness of children to learn: personal, intellectual, emotional, volitional and physiological readiness. These components represent the necessary and sufficient level of the child's mental development to start learning under a program of any complexity, including learning a foreign language, taking into account the peculiarities of this process. The conclusion is made that the expediency of early foreign language learning does not depends on the age of a child, but on his/her individual characteristics and the degree of readiness to learn. The article offers practical advice to determine a child's readiness for early foreign language learning. The practical significance of the obtained results is that they may be used both in professional pedagogical work and by parents to solve the issue.

Professional standards in terms of determining the labour functions of workers in various areas of production activities often use the concept of professional culture, the unconditional component of which for engineering professions is the level of geometrical and graphical training, the ability to visualize the problem and to transform an object mentally. Possessing the developed ability for active graphic thinking, along with formed understanding of spatial representations are the components of the professional basic culture of an engineer's personality. At present, the basic general educational program of secondary school does not realize the developing potential of geometrical and graphic disciplines at a level corresponding to the requirements of higher school. Systematically exercised entrance control at the Descriptive Geometry, Engineering and Computer Graphics Chair confirms extremely weak geometrical and graphical training level within the framework of basic general education and allows us to formulate the tasks and objectives of the so-called "pre-disciplinary" training for learning graphical disciplines at the university in the conditions of shortening classes for studying the basic topics and actual problems of geometrical and graphical culture formation. The purpose of this article is to determine, on the basis of theoretical analysis and the study of practical experience of teaching geometry and graphic disciplines at the University, organizational and pedagogical conditions that would allow to overcome the drawbacks of pre-university training and to provide geometrical and graphical training at a high level, ensuring acquirement of the professional skills in accordance with the requirements of professional standards and realities of the industrial and technical spheres. Organizational and pedagogical conditions, developed on the principles of the activity approach, personality-oriented education, individualization and differentiation of education, should provide an effective process of learning graphic disciplines and the geometrical and graphical culture formation for a future bachelor. The activity approach serves as the methodological basis of the research. The authors have formulated the organizational and pedagogical conditions for the successful learning of the engineering graphics for junior students of technical professions. The results may be used for teaching graphic disciplines at technical universities.

In modern sociocultural conditions, high growth of juvenile crime in general, and recurrent juvenile crime in particular, is stated. The problem of unpreparedness of adolescents with deviant behavior after graduation from special educational institutions of closed type to cope with independent life in society remains relevant. In the article, the author considers social-personal viability as integrative personal quality that characterizes the individual's readiness for self-determination (moral, personal, professional, social) according to his own life scenario, as well as willingness to control this scenario and bear responsibility for the results of his decisions concerning life self-determination. The purpose of social-pedagogical rehabilitation of adolescents with deviant behavior is the formation of their social and personal viability. As a means of forming social and personal viability of teenagers with deviant behavior are considered diverse rehabilitation educational situations, which require from an adolescent to show life subject properties in the process of senses / meanings construction and the result of their resolution will determine the possibility of his return into society and further successful socialization. The article presents the results of special closed type educational organizations teachers’ questioning, the purpose of which was to determine the level of teachers’ awareness of the essence of social and pedagogical rehabilitation of adolescents with deviant behavior. The article reveals the essential characteristics of the concepts of "social and personal viability of adolescents with deviant behavior", "rehabilitation and educational situation", "social and pedagogical rehabilitation of adolescents with deviant behavior", substantiates the author's view on this problem. The detailed characteristic of specific principles and functions of social-personal viability formation process among teenagers with deviant behavior in the special educational organizations of the closed type is presented.

The article deals with the actual problem of forming the life competence in high school students during extracurricular activities. It is due to the fact that one of the strategic directions of the education reform in Ukraine is conforming the national criteria and standards in line with European requirements, to create conditions for mastering a number of competences that provide for the graduate's ability to solving life problems, productive realization of life as an individual project, sustainable life activities in the present dynamic environment. The solution of this problem became the basis for the search for effective ways of forming the life competence in graduates of general secondary education institutions. The necessity of studying high school students life competence forming problem is determined by the presence of contradictions that need to be solved both at theoretical and practical level in particular, between: the objective needs of Ukrainian society in high level of life competence formation among graduates of general secondary education institutions as determining the personal and social qualities and the insufficient level of its theoretical and methodological foundations development; significant educational potential of extracurricular activity in high school students life competence formation and inconsistency and fragmentation of its use in teachers' practice. The purpose of the theoretical research is to study the scientific approaches to revealing the content and structure of "life competence of high school students" concept. The study of the "life competence" concept content at the theoretical level is modeled by the author as a process of existing scientific approaches theoretical analysis, multidimensionality of the studied phenomenon as an integrative concept, which is based on a set of mutually complementary approaches. The main trends in the scientific interpretation of "life competence" concept make it possible to single out the problem, and also to provide for the possibility of a holistic, multisided study of the problem at the theoretical and methodological-praxeological levels. Thanks to the use of the system approach, "life competence" concept is considered as a set of structural components and functional relationships that determine certain integrity, stability and internal organization. The activity approach to the study of "life competence" concept allowed to work out an evaluation-criterial set of tools for the levels of high school students life competence formation. Based on the analysis of the main approaches to determining the structure of life competence at the theoretical level, the author also presents her approach to the methodology for determining the criteria, indicators and levels of high school students life competence formation in extracurricular activities at the practical level. The author defines the following components in the structure of high school students life competence: motivational, axiological, cognitive, activity, reflexive-evaluative ones, on the basis of which criteria, indicators and three levels of high school students life competence formation are determined: high, sufficient and medium levels. The presented research makes a theoretical contribution to the development of new scientific approaches to clarifying the structure of "life competence" concept, and also allows to comprehend the possibility of its application to pedagogical practice of secondary education institutions.

The research is determined by the need to find the way to develop intercultural professionally-oriented competence in technical universities and for students of aerospace specialties in particular. The purpose of the article is to study foreign text-books for technical universities and Aviation English textbooks for aviation specialists. The authors compare the content of the text-books and analyze the competences that the students can acquire while studying and fulfilling the assignments. The article summarizes the experience of using professionally-oriented text-books in foreign language classes with students of Aviation University. On the basis of the contextual approach and according to the principle of continual professional foreign language training, different text-books are developed at the department "Foreign Language for Aerospace Specialties" in Moscow Aviation Institute for bachelors, specialists, masters. Much attention is given to the study of English grammar in aviation context, and improving grammatical skills at all levels of education at the university is emphasized. Examples of aviation terminology and types of tasks are given in the article. The authors come to the conclusion that in conditions of multidisciplinary training in technical universities and possible prospects for professional mobility of future graduates, the language training in professional context provokes an ambiguous attitude. In connection with this, it is recommended to discuss the idea about creating a universal textbook for technical universities, which includes both an invariant general part and a variable one that reflects the particular specialization of the technical university. The theoretical significance of the article is that it shows stages in teaching English for specific purposes such as English for general technical subjects to Aviation English and then English for particular Aviation Specialty. The paper describes the essence of studying grammar in professional context. Practical significance is that it shows the effectiveness of developing professionally-directed text-books at the junction of linguistics and special subjects and their constant updating in accordance with technical innovations and the emergence of new technical terms.

The urgency of the problem stated in the article is conditioned by the necessity to analyze the mechanisms of informational support to the Russian higher inclusive education. From this viewpoint, teaching a foreign language requires new approaches to the use of the linguistic and educational potential of e-learning modalities in order to develop the personal skills of students with disabilities, to encourage their creative thinking, and to form the ability of finding strategic solutions to both academic pursuits and practical tasks when learning a foreign language. The purpose of this study is to scientifically and practically substantiate the linguo-didactic potential of electronic teaching aids (ETA) when teaching foreign languages in inclusive education. The research is based on the following methods: theoretical analysis and synthesis of the Russian and foreign learned treatises on the subject, pedagogical observation and the method of analyzing communicative competence in teaching foreign language to students with disabilities in an inclusive university. Based on the research findings, the article presents the scientific substantiation, essence and structure of the integrated implementation of the electronic teaching aids linguo-didactic potential in teaching foreign languages in inclusive education. The theoretical value of the research is as follows: it analyzes and summarizes the main theoretical approaches to ETA linguo-didactic potential in inclusive foreign languages teaching; reveals and defines the concept of "electronic teaching aids" in the system of social and humanitarian knowledge; specifies the ETA characteristics. The practical significance of the research results lies in distinguishing the components of the methodological support for using the ETA linguo-didactic potential when teaching foreign languages in an inclusive educational institution. The basic premises can be used in scientific and pedagogical staff training and upgrade training courses for university teachers who work with students with disabilities.

Modern requirements for the professional training of specialists are determined by the changes that have taken place in recent years, not only in our country, but also in the world. The state cannot consider itself protected if the provision of public security and the protection of public order systems do not meet present-day challenges and threats, so training specialists for the National Guard troops of Russia is one of the important tasks of modern Russia. The fundamental factor in the successful use of the Russian National Guard troops is effective command and control of troops, and in the modern conditions of information and telecommunication technologies development – automated command and control of troops. The training of specialists in the field of information technology use for the troops of the Russian National Guard presupposes organizational and substantial changes of military education in order to improve the efficiency of military specialists training. The purpose of this study is theoretical substantiation of the content and structure of the organizational and administrative activity of a military specialist in the field of information technology application. In the course of the research, the method of theoretical analysis of pedagogical literature was used, formalization of the regulations in the field of organization and management of a subdivision and organization, and the modeling method was used to design the structure of organizational and administrative activity. The article describes the functions, stages, knowledge, skills, values, activity experience and competences in general and applied to the organizational and administrative activities of a military specialist. The role of the requirements of normative legal acts such as the Federal State Educational Standard on the specialty 09.05.01 "Application and operation of special-purpose automated systems" is shown, as well as qualification requirements in the formation of competences. The structure of organizational and administrative activity of a military specialist in the field of information technologies application with the description of interrelations between its elements is formed. The structure of the organizational and administrative activities of a military specialist will allow to construct a model for its formation and to develop practical recommendations for the effective training of cadets – future officers.

In the context of the polycultural advancement of the world, scientists of theoretic and of applied fields face the problem of psychological and educational technologies development for research and understanding of other cultures. Field practice involves perceiving the culture of a different person in which the very perceiver (the researcher) acts as the perception instrument. Analysis of literature, that explores researcher preparation, shows that visual material and the methodological toolkit generally suffice, which cannot be said about the underdeveloped program of a field researcher’s psychological profile conditioning. Both Russian and foreign scientists acknowledge the difficulties that arise in the process of gathering and interpreting data that concern traditional culture and its bearers as well as those dealing with the gatherer’s personality. Meanwhile, the aforementioned psychological profile conditioning and preparation of field researchers has never before been the subject of special examination by itself. The goals of this work are as follows: determining the boundaries of the subject field associated with field researcher preparation and describing the first attempt at applying this theory – developing the perceiver as a perception instrument. The article contains a plan of an educational program aimed at cultivating the affective component of the field researcher’s personality through traditional music of peoples of the world. The psychological and educational methods considered are: musical improvisation on ethnic instruments performed collectively with subsequent sessions of reflecting and discussing the experience; structured parameter-oriented observation; free-form observation; listening sessions of traditional music of studied region with subsequent interviews and self-evaluation reports; sound walk; keeping an introspective diary; stimulating exercises. The theoretical scientific value of the article can be found in bringing up the issue of psychological conditioning of field researchers, providing reasoning for approaching the perceiver (the researcher) as a perception instrument and assembling psychological and pedagogical tools for the affective personality component development through traditional music of peoples of the world. The practical significance of this work involves the possibility of its use in educational preparation of field researchers of different scientific interests: anthropology, psychology, ethnography, culture studies, musicology and folkloristics.

Business speech culture formation among cadets of military higher education institutions is one of the relevant problems in the system of higher military education. In accordance with FSES of higher professional education, the graduates of military higher education institutions of the Russian Army should know the principles of business speech culture, contributing to the formation of business communication culture and general culture of servicemen, that would ensure their successful military-professional activity as officers in future. The purpose of this article is to do a review of establishment and development of business speech culture formation problem in domestic psychological and pedagogical literature, to compare the modern educational process in higher military school with the foundations laid in pedagogics at the end of XIX – first half XX centuries, and to analyze scientific researches concerning this problem over the past decades, to define the essence, content and structure of business speech culture formation process among the cadets of military universities, as well as to identify ways and conditions for the effective implementation of this pedagogical process. On the basis of theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific literature, it was noted that business speech culture formation process from the point of view of its essence, content and structure was considered in the works of modern Russian scientists in different aspects: speech culture formation, speech skills, public speech skills, communicative competence, mastering speech activity of both secondary and higher educational institutions trainees. The results of psychological and pedagogical research analysis in higher military school showed that the cultural speech aspect has always been the focus of attention of scientists and it was considered in the study of various problems: from historical and pedagogical analysis of military education in Russia of XVIII-early XX century and its humanization to training officers for achieving psychological and information superiority over the enemy. The analysis of various approaches of researchers to this problem made it possible to justify the author's view on the essence, content and structure of the pedagogical process of business speech culture formation among cadets of military schools and to determine the ways and conditions of its effective implementation. The most promising way seems to be the implementation of this pedagogical process on the basis of a communicative-activity approach to learning, which ensures its adequacy to the requirements of complex military-professional business communication. The results and conclusions of this study expand the understanding of such concepts as "speech activity", "business speech", " business speech and business communication culture of military personnel" and are aimed at improving the educational process in military universities of the Russian Federation in the context of the communicative-activity approach to learning. The article may be interesting for scientists conducting research both in the field of business communication and in the field of military-professional education in general.

One of the most important aspects of the education system development is the ability to make informed conclusions about the need to change the approaches or actions taken. The educational system continuously generates and accumulates significant amount of data, and the issue of systemic work with these data by a wide range of education subjects today may be called one of the significant ones. Big Data can become a powerful tool which would help to transform learning, rethink approaches, reduce long-standing gaps and adapt experience to improve the effectiveness of the educational system. Very important is the task of describing the technology of operating big data, aimed at the development of educational systems through the identification of formed patterns in the education system. The authors of the article determine the methodological aspects of implementing big data operating technology in education. The leading approach in this case is the modeling of the educational system development including regulatory measures based on the results of the identified patterns analysis. As a result of the research carried out by the authors of the article, Big Data technology was described as a means of developing educational systems, including identifying the distinguishing features of Big Data technology, structuring the system management processes, the direction of data mining in education, and the properties of mined Big Data in education. The theoretical significance of the article is due to the contribution to the development of scientific ideas about Big Data use in order to improve the efficiency of the educational systems development. Practical use of the research results allows to introduce Big Data into education management system by identifying and taking into account the patterns of the education system. The article may be interesting for persons involved in education system management.

This article deals with the concepts and types of fear, and also presents the results of the study, taking into account the age and gender characteristics of fears in children of older preschool age.

In this article, the authors consider dyscalculia as a persistent violation of the counting activity associated with the underdevelopment of speech and non-speech mental functions. The importance of dyscalculia prophylaxis in preschool children with general speech underdevelopment is noted. The article presents some results of the study that determined the direction and content of the correction-speech therapy work to prevent dyscalculia in preschool children with general speech underdevelopment.

The article is devoted to the problem of distinguishing the concepts of revolution and opposition in the coordinates of national history. Identifying the contradiction between «progress supporters» and «orthodox persons», the author reinterprets the Marxist-Leninist views on the revolutionary movement in Russia and on the relationship between power and society.

This article deals with the issue of a comprehensive rehabilitation system for disabled people and disabled children in Samara region. Also, the work reveals the features of the rehabilitation process in the sphere of social services, some aspects of disabled people socialization through professional development. The article outlines the role of public organizations in the lives of people with disabilities. The practical experience of Samara region social service institutions is generalized.

At the present stage, the social development of Russia, its regions and municipalities is largely determined by the effectiveness of the population social protection system. The emergence of new vulnerable groups, increasing number of poorly protected and poor families, inadequate protection of young families, spread of the poor, aging of the population and other problems create high demands on the population social protection system and social policy of the state. Underfunding of social programs and the lack of municipal measures reduce the effectiveness of social assistance. According to the results of sociological surveys, the majority of the surveyed residents are concerned about the current socio-economic situation in the country, which has led to decreasing living standard of the population, material well-being, and to increasing number of people who need social assistance and protection. Among specific directions for improving the life of the population, it is proposed to intensify social support measures.

The given article analyses qualitative and quantitative changes in the structure of the retail network of state-operated and cooperative trade in Bashkiria in the 1930s. On the basis of archive documents, it shows the main tendencies in developing goods turnover in the republic, and traces the evolution of the retail network towards ever greater coverage of the consumer base. In cities of the republic, the main retail network belonged to the state sector, and in the country, developing new retail outlets was the responsibility of consumer cooperation. The development of the trade network was determined, on the one hand, by the population growth, especially in cities; on the other hand, by the change of demand on the part of consumers due to the increase of well-being of blue- and white-collars. The conclusion is that the growth of the retail network lagged behind the overall growth of goods turnover in Bashkiria, which was evident both in mixed and in specialized trade.

The article is devoted to the study of the globalization phenomenon. All countries of the world are currently involved in economic integration processes. The author describes the goals, methods and trends of economic globalization. The opinions of researchers that emphasize the positive aspects of globalization, as well as the opinions of scientists, which reveal the negative aspects of globalization, are presented. The results of globalization are listed. It is concluded that a multipolar model of sustainable social and economic development should become a progressive form of economic integration.

The article deals with the role of economic component in the development of export activities as one of the priorities of the Russian Federation, where non-primary exports are one of the sources of economic growth. In this regard, the goal of the work is to determine the specifics of non-primary exports as a priority for the development of the Russian economy and one of the sources of its growth in the long term. The article presents analysis of Russian exports in comparison with foreign countries. The author formulates his position concerning the categories of "primary" and "non-primary" exports. He makes the analysis of non-primary exports specification for commodity groups. In conclusion, he proposes tools for implementing proactive export policy in regions.

Conceptually significant words in the early poems of A. A. Akhmatova are considered in the article. The poems under analysis belong to the non-devotional genre. Semantic nests of words, as well as lexemes, which actualize the semantic spheres "song", "prayer", "love" are revealed. It is established that conceptually significant language units are words, mostly related to the sacred sphere, expressing the religious worldview of the poet. Concepts of “life” and “love” are verbalized by commonly used linguistic units.

This work examines stylistic means used by American writer Sherman Alexie for depicting life of Native Americans in the reservation. Alexie is a Native American by origin so he knows all problems of his people. This research is relevant because prose and poems of this author are almost unknown to Russian readers. This work analyzes three short stories published in the first storybook by Sherman Alexie.

The article is devoted to analyses of folklore motives in a fairy tale by A. K. Tolstoy “Zmey Tugarin” and in a poem “A Wanderer and Zmey” by A. N. Tolstoy. Both works are based on Slavic myths and epics and have a number of definite features. The main motive of the works is the motive of Zmey fighting.

The article is devoted to lexical analysis of English borrowings (trickster, prank, spoiler, fake, hype) and their comparison with the original language. Common for the compared parties is pejorative connotation of the analyzed vocabulary representing the culture from the position of the sign. The difference is due to the measure of these signs relevance in language and culture.