Keyword: «adolescents»

The article reflects the analysis of the understanding of the concept of "self-attitude" from the point of view of various authors. Also, a study was carried out of the essential characteristics of self-attitude of adolescents who have undergone cancer, on the basis of the Orenburg regional public organization "Orenonk" (LLC "Orenonk") and the results of this study are presented.

The increase in the number of suicide attempts among adolescents requires us to work out the measures for early prevention of the risk of suicidal behavior. The relevance of the article lies in the search for effective methodologically grounded ways of psychological prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents. The purpose of the article is to present the author's approach to reducing the risk of developing suicidal behavior in adolescents by means of the resource state training "Emotional stability". This approach is based on the integration of several theoretical and methodological ideas: the concept of A.G. Ambrumova and V.A. Tikhorenko on maladjustment in conditions of microsocial conflict as the reason for the formation of suicidal behavior; understanding the University resource states 20.35; method of socio-psychological training as an effective method of organizing psychological work with adolescents. The training is based on the key idea of teaching methods of self-regulation and actualization of resource states. On the basis of the above-mentioned ideas, a series of trainings on resource states was designed as a way to prevent suicidal behavior in adolescence. The article presents the results of the training "Emotional stability" testing in work with adolescents aged 14-17 years with different risk levels of developing suicidal behavior. Based on the results of testing, the training has proven its effectiveness for the early prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescents. The materials of the article are significant for practicing psychologists working with different categories of adolescents.

The paper deals with the issues of vocational guidance of teenagers, the features of its organization within the framework of the system of basic and additional education. The main omissions of certain elements of psychological and pedagogical support of vocational guidance of schoolchildren are considered.

In modern society, the problem of overcoming shyness in adolescents has not lost its relevance for many years. In the course of its solution, contradictions arose connected, on the one hand, with the study of the level of manifestation, and on the other hand, with the development of specific pedagogical technologies, methods, programs that would reduce the negative effects of shyness. The goal is to study the specifics of preventive work with adolescent shyness within the framework of a music education studio and work out pedagogical recommendations for the implementation of this activity. Research methods and techniques: theoretical - analysis and generalization of psychological and pedagogical literature; empirical – experiment, ascertaining experiment, testing (method of diagnosing shyness by K. S. Chechulina, the "Ladder" technique by V. G. Shchur, the method of studying self-attitude by S. R. Panteleev); methods of mathematical data processing – Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The experimental base of the research is the “Rostok” musical education studio at the Palace of Arts for Children and Youth in Kopeysk. The study involved adolescents - pupils of the studio - at the age of 12–14 years (N = 30). A high level of shyness was found in 37% of the subjects, an extremely high level in 10%. This means that the pupils of the music studio are closed, experience difficulties in communicating with their peers and with the teacher, cannot demonstrate their abilities and talents, and react painfully to comments and criticism. Testing the hypothesis using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient showed that the level of shyness of adolescents was associated with the level of their self-evaluation, the correlation between them is reliable, the direction of the correlation is the opposite: a high level of shyness corresponds to a low level of self-evaluation. Therefore, you must avoid the conditions when a child is in a situation of uncertainty or doubt. The teacher should involve the teenager in public affairs that he can participate in; praise him/her when the teenager shows independence; stimulate his/her personal responsibility for any actions and avoid tension situations.

In the context of an unstable epidemiological environment, a person has to adapt to changes in communication, and especially in older adolescent age, when the self-consciousness and personality of a teenager is being formed. Purpose of the article: to study psychologically safe communications of older adolescents in an unstable epidemiological situation. Methods and techniques: theoretical (analysis and generalization of psychological and pedagogical literature, goal-setting, modeling); empirical (diagnostic and forming experiments, testing according to two methods of diagnosing interpersonal relations by T. Leary, diagnosing the personal predisposition to conflict behavior by K. Thomas). Experimental research was conducted on the basis of the South Ural State Institute of Arts named after P.I. Tchaikovsky, Chelyabinsk. The experiment involved second-year students of the choreographic department (n = 21). According to the course curator, there are both leaders and children who are not popular with their classmates in the group, there are micro groups. Based on the data obtained, the strategies of behavior in a conflict situation among students in this class by predominance can be distributed as follows: the first position (the most often used strategy) is adaptation. Avoidance is ranked second, compromise is third, cooperation is fourth, and rivalry is fifth. This indicates that adolescents in this class either infringe on their interests completely or achieve them partially, or avoid solving the problem altogether, which means that they do not strive to achieve their goals. Adolescents manifest to varying degrees all strategies of behavior in relation to the others: avoidance, adaptation, compromise, cooperation, rivalry. The most obvious strategies are: adaptation, avoidance and compromise. This indicates that adolescents in this group either infringe on their interests completely or achieve them partially, or avoid solving the problem at all, which means that they have no desire to achieve their goals. The data obtained indicate the possible tendency among adolescents to cooperate, to be flexible and compromise when solving problems in conflict situations, to be responsive, responsible towards people, and at the same time to be persistent and insistent. Based on the results obtained, the authors give psychological and pedagogical recommendations for the development of a targeted program, taking into account the age and psychological characteristics of adolescents, for the formation of psychologically safe communication, as well as recommendations for parents and teachers on optimizing the psychologically safe communication of older adolescents.