Keyword: «kremlin»

In a broad sense, the Tobolsk Kremlin is understood as a complex of structures on the Troitsky Cape, including the centers of secular and spiritual authorities enclosed by walls: the Kremlin itself in the western part and the Sophia Court in the eastern part. It is also customary to refer to the Kremlin a detached building of Gostiny Dvor. The fortress walls of the Kremlin in the narrow sense, that is, the enclosure of secular power in the western part, have not been preserved. Because of this, confusion arises even among researchers, who often call the kremlin only the enclosure of the Sophia Court together with the Gostiny Dvor. This historiographical article contains and analyzes works that raise the issue of the kremlin walls of Tobolsk to one degree or another: generalizing monographs on the cities of Siberia and specifically Tobolsk, the history of stone construction in the region, archaeological research on the territory of the Tobolsk Kremlin, historical and architectural articles. A comparison of the data given in the now classic works of V. I. Kochedamov with new sources published later made it possible to clarify a number of the researcher's data. These include the dates of laying and completion of the construction of the fourth and fifth wooden fortress walls of Tobolsk. In general, the historiographic analysis of the works showed that the fortress walls of the Tobolsk Kremlin are still very poorly studied. They have clearly received insufficient attention in generalizing monographs. Archaeological and historical-architectural researches are concentrated on the enclosures of the Sophia and Gostiny Dvors, but bypass or touch only in passing on the kremlin walls proper. The author of this article believes that the most striking gaps in the study of the Tobolsk Kremlin are the lack of precisely established dates for the start and completion of the construction of both the enclosures of the Sophia Court and the kremlin walls themselves, as well as the lack of publications of archival inventories of the Tobolsk Kremlin, which could give an idea of the appearance and design of defensive walls.

Based on a comparison of data from Siberian chronicles, office documents, archaeological, cartographic and pictorial sources, the history of the oldest church in Tobolsk – Trinity – is presented. The preserved information allows us to describe the circumstances of its construction and multiple reconstructions during the period from the end of the XVI century to the end of the XVIII century. At the foundation of Tobolsk, it was the first church founded in the town. Historical sources make it possible to determine the approximate location of the Trinity Church within the city limits, which has changed several times. For the 20s of the XVII century. it is possible to get an idea of the most striking items of church utensils that were in the temple. By the 1670s. There were two Trinity churches in the upper town. The Trinity Church at Gostiny Dvor and the Trinity Church in the Metropolitan courtyard coexisted. At the end of the XVII century . Trinity Church was one of the earliest stone buildings built of brick. Based on the comparison of images of the stone Trinity Church presented on the pages of «Sluzhebnaya kniga», «Horograficheskaya kniga», «CHertezhnaya kniga» authored by S.U. Remezov, an attempt is made to describe its main architectural features, which allows us to create an approximate graphic reconstruction of this building. Such an analysis with a description was made for the first time, which complements the novelty of the research done. It is suggested that in the first half of the XVIII century. the temple could undergo a significant restructuring, which significantly changed its architecture. In general, the presented results are the first work summarizing data from sources of various origins about the Tobolsk Trinity Church in the specified period.