Keyword: «polymer composites»

The microorganisms that cause biocontamination and bio-damage of experimental samples of polymeric composite materials exposed at the open range of climatic tests in Yakutsk were isolated. The landscape of isolated microorganisms is dominated by spore-forming bacteria p. Bacillus and mold fungi p. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor; occurs: Rhizopus, Chetomium, Scopulariopsis, Fusarium, Trichoderma, etc. It was shown that bacteria (mostly spore-forming) are better adapted to the polymeric substrate and pass from the spore to vegetative stage faster than mold fungi. The microorganisms isolated during the tests can serve as the basis for creating models of microbial consortia, as fungicidal additives to polymeric compositions that can be used to develop polymeric composites adapted to northern conditions.

The tasks of predicting the defining characteristics of composites under the influence of extreme factors are formulated within the framework of variational formulations. Based on modern variational formulations, generalized durability models have been constructed and effective methods for predicting the defining characteristics of composites in extreme conditions have been developed. The developed variational methods have been applied to solve the problems of assessing the service life of new promising composite materials (CM) for extreme conditions. Computational experiments have been conducted.

A study was conducted on the possibilities of using the methodology developed within the framework of variational formulations based on modern principles of the kinetic theory of strength (KTS) for effectively solving the problems of high-precision prediction of the defining characteristics of glass-reinforced plastics. Within the framework of variational formulations based on modern principles of the KTS, an optimal generalized durability model (GDM) was developed that takes into account the simultaneous influence of several destabilizing factors on the composite. The developed generalized durability model was used to effectively assess the durability of glass-reinforced plastics under the influence of extreme environmental factors. Based on the developed forecasting methodology, computational experiments were conducted within the framework of variational formulations, and optimal durability models were developed for composite materials such as fiberglass, which allow for the long-term prediction of the residual resource of fiberglass in the harsh continental climate of the Arctic and Subarctic zones.

A comparative analysis of materials used for the production of polymer composite sleepers has been performed. Two main systems have been considered: thermoplastic and thermosetting polymer composites. Their fundamental differences, advantages, typical formulations, and practical applications have been highlighted. Special attention has been given to composite sleepers based on recycled polymers, which allow for the efficient recycling of plastic waste and industrial by-products. Strategies for optimizing the properties of such materials, including fiberglass reinforcement and the addition of functional fillers, have been presented. The paper provides an assessment of two types of composite sleepers based on thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers and offers recommendations for their selection for different operating conditions. Key development trends and areas that deserve further research are identified.