Keyword: «frost resistance grade f»

The article discusses the factors that determine the frost resistance of concrete, as well as modern methods for assessing and improving it. It provides a classification of concrete grades based on their frost resistance (F) depending on the operating conditions. The article describes laboratory testing methods in accordance with GOST 10060-2012, including procedures for saturating samples and performing cyclic freezing and thawing. It also examines the main theories of frost damage in concrete, the role of water-cement ratio, air entrapment, and hydrophobization in shaping the material's structure. Special attention is paid to practical recommendations for selecting the type of concrete for different climatic zones and winter concreting conditions.