Keyword: «oil pollution»

The results of long-term monitoring of microbiological activity of disturbed lands after an oil spill that occurred on the territory of the Southwestern part of Yakutia are presented. It has been established that after the introduction of biological preparations based on the native hydrocarbon-oxidizing microflora in soils, both with fresh and old oil pollution, the microbiological activity of soils intensifies. The activation period of hydrocarbon-oxidizing activity of soil microorganisms in the cryolithozone was about 7 years for fresh oil pollution and 3 years for soils with old oil pollution. Therefore, the method of activation of biological destruction of oil pollution with the use of native hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms is not relevant for permafrost soils with long-term oil pollution. It is necessary to develop new ways to restore disturbed lands with long-term oil pollution.

This paper presents data on the largest accidents associated with oil and petroleum product spills in the Re-public of Sakha (Yakutia). A comparative assessment of the condition of soils taken from the territory of a technogenic object (oil depot) and a natural object (forest lands) contaminated with oil products is given. It is shown that peculiarities of distribution and degradation of oil hydrocarbons depend on many factors such as: the volume of spilled oil products, their composition, period of occurrence and duration of exposure, type of soil, presence of permafrost, climatic features, etc. A comprehensive study of the peculiarities of oil hydro-carbons behavior in permafrost soils makes it possible to carry out scientifically based monitoring of the state of territories with high anthropogenic loads.