Keyword: «turkic languages»

This article discusses the tokens denoting objects of the universe. The names of celestial bodies are analyzed on the material of the Bashkir language in comparison with other Turkic languages. There are elements of comparative analysis with some Slavic languages, particularly Russian.

The relevance of the study is due to the need for further research on the toponymy of Yakutia, related issues of the origin and semantic meaning of geographical names. The purpose of the study is to highlight the linguistic aspects of the problem of individual Yakut toponyms origin. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: to study the language strata, which were the basis for the emergence of toponyms in Yakutia; to characterize the origin of individual Yakut microtoponyms, oeconyms; to present the ways of the methodical work of the Russian language teacher for the implementation of research work on the study of the native land toponyms. The article provides information about the origin of individual toponyms in the republic. The objective and subjective reasons for their origin are described. The authors of the article note that knowing such language groups as Samoyed, Yukaghir, Manchu-Tungus, Turkic, Mongolian, Russian will contribute to the successful learning of regional toponymy of Yakutia, as well as knowledge of modern living languages and the history of their development. The article, in the form of illustrations to the origin of a toponym, cites not only the works in the field of linguistics and history, but also folk tales and literary texts. Research materials may be interesting to teachers of Russian, university academic staff, regional ethnographers, and historians. This is due to the fact that, according to the authors, toponymy is a science that allows us to learn the history of the region, its geographical features, ethnography, folklore, folk traditions and customs. Therefore, it is advisable to include some toponymic questions in the educational environment, thereby expanding not only children's knowledge of language, history, geography, etc., but also infusing children with love for their homeland, cultivating an interest in scientific research.

The article analyzes the semantics of black nominations in the linguistic and paremiological systems of the Yakut and other Turkic languages. Black nominations, acting as a definition for pejorative words in phraseological units, serve as a means of intensifying negative evaluativeness, as well as expressiveness of expression. A positive or negative assessment of phraseological units with a component named for the color is actualized not only explicitly, but also through the lexical-semantic opposition of words denoting achromatic colors. An important role in the mechanism and process of acquiring the estimated value of phraseological units is also played by the cultural connotations of the name of the color.