№ 12 (December)

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that at the stage of juridical clinics active proliferation in legal education, they have not had a unified status and were organized in different, often mutually exclusive, formats. The contradiction between the social (legal assistance to citizens with low-income) and purely educational purposes (practical component of educational programs) of legal clinics activities has escalated in the period of the Federal Law № 324 "About free legal aid in the Russian Federation" entering into force and it still persists. This research tries to justify the educational function of juridical clinic as a key one. The format of this article highlights some provisions of ongoing research. The purpose of this article is to show reasons to the resolution of the contradiction between the tendencies of juridical clinics functioning in the system of free legal aid to the population and the need for universities to implement on the basis of juridical clinics purely educational programs with non-dominant social function. The study used such methods as a method of theoretical analysis, a method of synthesis and abstraction, a systemic structural method; an axiomatic method; a modeling method. In the result of the study the category "function" was better specified and projected on juridical clinics activities purposes. The concept of "educational function" is defined as the expected by external consumers of law school services area of juridical clinic activity for the optimization of future lawyers practical training. Also, the terms " practice program ", "clinical learning program" are used in the context relevant to modern system of legal education. Within the study framework, thorough examination of philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical literature on the research problem and analysis of the normative documents were made. The essence of the juridical clinic is considered in the unity of human rights defense and educational components. It is shown that the dominance of the educational component distinguishes juridical clinic from other organizations and institutions in the system of free legal aid to the population. The article may be interesting for scientific degrees competitors in the field of the theory and practice of professional education; for the teaching staff of law schools engaged in the development of future lawyers practical training system; and for social investors interested in the promotion of relevant technologies for the preparation of highly qualified specialists of juridical professions.

Modernization as a process of change in the education model is related to the challenges and requirements of the present in innovative components. The experience of reforming higher education systems in Finland, Sweden and Norway is studied. The results of the analysis made it possible to identify significant features of the training programs. They are related to global changes on the labor market, migration flows and the aging of the population of European countries. Economy, technology, society are changing education models. The problem of education was the contradiction between the shift to practical value and the relevance of education, on the one hand, and the need to allocate considerable resources to new trends by national governments, on the other hand. A distinctive feature is the presence of foreign models for the students from 25 years to 64 years. It was made the conclusion about the significant role of government and business in educational and innovation politics of the Nordic countries. The governments of the Scandinavian countries, developing the institutional environment and basic infrastructure, benefit from the globalization of education, giving citizens the opportunity to gain knowledge and skills, to have a healthy environment that they need to get a job and a high income. Having received education, citizens participate in local, national and global communities. The article has important theoretical value. The possibilities of using these teaching methods for postgraduate education are justified. It is recommended to expand the capabilities of modern remote e-learning technologies, including the disciplines of the natural-science cycle.

The relevance of the article is in the fact, that in modern school research activities are one of the indicators of the teacher's professionalism. The organization of research work influences the theoretical and practical training of the teacher. Currently, many teachers defend Master's theses, are engaged in research activities in the framework of Master's programs. Training in Master's programs gives motivation to participate in research work. However, modern requirements for the teacher oblige him to participate in researches beyond the Magistracy framework, so the Master's degree is not the only incentive for a teacher to engage in science. The purpose of the article is to try to reveal the peculiarities of research activities organization for teachers studying in Magistracy. The content of the article is based on the experience of working with practicing teachers who have been trained in the frameworks of Master's program. Many things caused questions in the course of the program implementation: full-time-part-time form of study, duration of training-more than two years, working teachers, the need to coordinate their schedule with the training schedule. But the most important was the problem of organizing research activities: how to regulate time, to interest graduate students with scientific topics, to try to combine their professional and personal needs. Observing graduate students allowed to draw some conclusions, stated in the article. It identifies common problems faced by teachers working on Master's theses, and ways to solve them. This attempt to generalize the experience of working with teachers will be interesting from a practical point of view. The text outlines the main points of work with teachers engaged in Magistracy. It is traced, what problems teachers had at the beginning of training in Magistracy and how it was possible to improve the situation. Teachers engaged in the Master's program will be able to see themselves from the outside. Lecturers will have an opportunity to take into account the nuances of working with practicing teachers who enter Magistracy. We hope that the publication will assist in understanding the specifics of the research activities of teachers and pedagogical Magistracy.

Soft skills are acknowledged to be the most significant 21st century skills according to experts in the sphere of education. Soft skills involve assertive skills in particular. The authors deal with the notion assertiveness, since interpretation of this term in different studies is ambiguous and is reasoned by specific research objectives, complicacy of the phenomenon and its correlation with other behavioral and communication skills. The article considers the notion assertiveness and describes the techniques and the system of activities aimed to develop economics student's assertive skill in the English as a Foreign Language Classroom. Based on literature review of the issue, the authors consider assertiveness concept in terms of linguistic, socio-psychological, cultural and pragmatic aspects. They advance a hypothesis that linguistic aspect is a means of not only reflection of communicative situation but structuring and managing communication. Since the language structures and manages interaction it is considered relevant and possible to develop assertive skills through teaching verbal interaction assertive techniques at the English language classes. Teaching assertive skills was tested at English classes in undergraduate economics student groups (60 2nd-year students, Faculty of Economics and Law) in Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. The researchers' aim was to increase undergraduate awareness of assertiveness, improve assertive skills by means of using the system of the described activities, implement the practiced student skills in the foreign language interaction, correlate the foreign language entities with assertive techniques and learning technologies, ensuring the skills reinforcement. The teaching included certain techniques and relevant verbal interaction acquisition, insight into cultural specifics, role plays and simulations of real life business situations. The system of techniques and communicative activities is demonstrated within consequent stages of teaching and learning. The practice of teaching and interviewing students at the end of the learning sessions integrated into the course "Foreign Language" proved boosting students' motivation through undergraduates' interest to self-awareness and personal development, improvement of their assertive skills, language and intercultural competences. The research findings might be useful for Business and Professional English teaching and learning.

Our present society is almost entirely affected by modernization, which, in one way or another, influences all spheres of the society development. This effect causes rethinking of values for a modern person, along with the means, tasks, ways of both the society and an individual development. Often such a contemporary approach practically excludes the entire layers of folk art from the educational process and cultural life, on which the ethno-cultural formation of an individual has been built over many generations. The tendency towards diminishment and subsequent dissolution of national cultural foundations has become particularly pronounced in the recent years. The foreground is being taken by globalization phenomena, the unification and standardization of many human activities, including the cultural life. The Internet space also dictates certain ways of personality development, as it makes a significant part of people lives today. This influence is especially strong for the younger generation whose personality formation is at the initial stage. In this context, it becomes quite relevant to form the ethno-cultural competence of the younger generation from the earliest age and introduce the traditional forms of culture and values to young people. This research is aimed at identifying the effective means, forms and methods for the creation of the ethno-cultural competence among pre-school children. The methods of research are questioning, interviewing and pedagogical experiment. During the sociological survey it was possible to identify the key organizational and pedagogical pre-requisites for the effective creation of the ethno-cultural competence among pre-school children. The Children’s Ethnographic Museum’s project was implemented and tested in pre-school educational institutions. The results obtained in the course of the work testify to the effectiveness of the proposed project and can be used in the activities of pre-school educational institutions and additional education for children.

The article substantiates the relevance of the study, analyzes biological, psychological, social, and spiritual consequences of drug addiction. The authors presented the results of an empirical study of memory and attention in drug addicts who were at the stage of stabilization.

The article reveals the essence of the concepts "adaptation" (from the point of view of different scientific fields), "social adaptation", "pedagogical adaptation", "psychological adaptation". On their basis, the author gives his definition of "psychological and pedagogical adaptation" category. He also notes the peculiarities of psychological-pedagogical adaptation to school for children with mental retardation and the indigenous peoples of the North. Taking into account the identified features, the author studies the methodological approaches to psychological and pedagogical adaptation to school for children with mental retardation: bilingual and ethnic.

The article presents the results of the study. The urgency of studying the psychological characteristics of foreign students who study in Russian universities is justified. The differences of socio-cultural peculiarities in different countries complicate the already difficult period of yesterday's schoolchildren adaptation to the University. Adaptation, existential fulfillment of students was studied in groups of students from Russia and from abroad. The results showed that there was no reliable difference between these groups of students in the parameters of social and cultural adaptation, as well as its existential fulfillment components: self-distancing, self-transcendence, freedom, responsibility.

The article describes the conceptual foundations of coping strategies for conditionally convicted persons, proposes verification of the concept in the form of empirical research results.

The article discusses such an important aspect of convicts’ resocialization as their moral resocialization in prison; it examines the necessary conditions for this: formation in convicts the ability to take responsibility for their lives, instilling in them the conscience and feeling of guilt in order to remove the barrier of the offender moral self-examination. The authors define the prerequisites for development of a sense of guilt and the mechanisms through which society can influence an offender – feelings of shame and remorse as determinants of moral conscience.

Corruption as a negative social phenomenon today, arouses quite a significant interest in the scientific literature and practice. It is impossible sometimes to estimate the scale of corruption and corruption crimes negative impact on society due to their ubiquity. All the above mentioned determines the relevance of the chosen topic study, as well as the need to develop new and effective measures to combat corruption crimes.

This work studies the problem of European notarization consisting in the establishment of the requirement about existence of citizenship by the persons who have shown their willingness to be engaged in notarial activity in another EU country. The relevant judicial practice, as well as the positions of several EU countries on this issue are investigated. It is noted that some EU countries have voluntarily refused a condition about nationality, and others still haven't made it even under the pressure of EU authorities. On the basis of the carried-out analysis, the author offers compromise version of the considered problem solution.

The article deals with the problems of sociological research databases closeness. This fact does not allow to integrate effectively the data already available to sociology, and also to use them again. Special attention is paid to the weak potential of formalization and generalization of databases in sociology, which prevents the establishment of a truly effective theory related to empiricism. The low level of formalization in sociology casts science back to the descriptive stage of development, without giving an opportunity to make substantiated informed conclusions.

In this article, the main ideas on the classification of forms of state government are analyzed. From the era of ancient Greece, the legal teachings of Plato and Aristotle are given. The legal thought of the XVI-XIX centuries. On the classification of the form of government is represented by the works of J. Bodin, S.L. Montesquieu and T. Payne. In addition, the most interesting concepts of differentiation of the forms of government of Russian researchers, such as I.A. Ilyin, S.V. Pushkarev, A.I. Cherkasov, D.A. Avdeev. The conclusion of the article concludes that it is necessary to abandon the binary approach in dividing the forms of state government and the need for further study of monocracies and polycratia.

An attempt was made to disclose the constructive content of the presumption of innocence in the criminal process and to reveal the limits of its validity. Based on the analysis of the current legislation and judicial practice, a comparative analysis is made between the presumptions and versions in a criminal case. The need for the development of the presumption theory in Russian criminal law is justified and its constructive principle is proposed.

The article discusses issues of small enterprises innovative capacity development at the present stage of Russian economy. Features of innovative capacity management are considered. The author gives a description of innovative process. The role of innovative infrastructures in development of Russian small business is proved.

Theoretical aspects of the marketing approach application advantage in enterprise restructuring are considered in the article. The key stages and aspects of enterprise restructuring based on the marketing approach are identified. Strategic points of the marketing approach to restructuring and potential problems that may arise during restructuring are defined. The advantages of the marketing approach to enterprise restructuring are revealed.

The article is devoted to the description of accounting and the organization of internal audit in the course of income tax check on the example of LLC "Consulting organization". Theoretical aspects are considered and some practical recommendations that can help to optimize internal audit while checking the correctness of income and expenses classification in calculating the tax base are developed.

On the basis of econometric modeling, the author determines the dependence of GDP growth on changes in some of the most significant factors, innovation-oriented human capital is among them. The obtained dependence allows to establish the relationship between GDP and the major factors group, to evaluate the degree of their influence on GDP, and to determine the type of economic growth.

A number of axioms on the middle class as a factory of competitive elites forming brands are mentioned. It is concluded that a higher level of regional competitive advantages corresponds to a higher level of social self-organization diversity. The connection between modern competitive advantages of the region and the ability to continuous innovations is shown. The relationship between brands and mobility is revealed as a necessary condition for competitiveness. The dependence of the regional brand and competitiveness of network organizations on the quality of network communications has been established.

The article presents the results of the Russian agricultural industrial complex development research in the time period 2014-2016 using the dynamic norm method. The author suggests a system of indicators and their dynamic norm reflecting the strategic direction of the agricultural industrial complex development towards import substitution and food export expansion. Based on the calculated rank correlation coefficients and the development index, a conclusion was made that the complex functioning results during analyzed period are close to the normative model.

Budgetary institutions are important subjects in any system of management and in any model of state structure. They are called upon to meet a number of socially significant needs. An obligatory condition for classifying an organization as a budgetary one is budget financing (full or partial) by estimate and book keeping according to the budget plan of accounts.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the colour-naming words “silver” and “gold”. The author researches symbolic meanings of these colours in the early stories by American writer John Updike, as well as the peculiarities of silver and gold colours using for creating associative- subjective and objective images of the surrounding world. The means of each colour expression links, contexts of usage, as well as the role of colour motives in describing the appearance of heroes, objects and phenomena are studied. Moreover, their role for creating imagery of the actions, states, environment of narrative world in the writer's stories is also explored.

The article explains the technique of paroemic semantics cognitive-pragmatic modelling applied to the problem of identifying the value substratum as the accumulator of Russian ethnic culture stereotyped morality. During the research, a research algorithm for describing the value content of paroemia is presented, taking into account different levels of its semantic structure (generalized meaning, internal form and pragmatic expression of meaning).

The article is devoted to analysis of literary device of a dream, which plays a significant role in the composition of the work and it is a multipurpose device. The originality of dreams in the novel by Maksimov is emphasized, which is expressed in complex, many-sided symbolism. It is due to the fact that they express not only the hero’s condition but also the author's concept. Dreams allow him to show the shifts in attitude that the hero has not clearly understood yet. Dreams help Maksimov’s heroes to understand the inner changes that came over their lives.

The article is devoted to the explanation of the meanings and basic concepts of anthropology, connected with a man, personality, with universal terms, with phraseological combinations, grouping them in a certain order, classifying them, defining their various features. Several concepts that are closely related to the word "Adam" ("man"), but not universally accepted by the people, are deciphered.

In this article, euphemizing of the word “көр” – “grave” is considered. Today we meet the word “көр” “grave” in the speech of old people who use this word only in extreme psychological situations (in condition of rage, excitement, grief, etc.).