Keyword: «academic failure»

. This article examines the problem of academic failure at primary school age. The study involved 49 fourth-grade students from the Krasnodar Territory. The levels of students' abilities were identified, which were correlated with the academic performance of the respondents. A relationship was found between the level of general abilities and the academic performance of schoolchildren. Psychological and pedagogical recommendations for the prevention of academic failure in primary school age have been developed.

Various aspects of eliminating the failure of children at school are comprehensively worked out by teachers, psychologists, and methodologists. Insufficient level of education is the main reason for the unsatisfactory results obtained by students in an academic subject. We consider it advisable to make efforts not to eliminate existing failures, but to prevent their occurrence. Moreover, the earlier these prevention measures are carried out, the better the result can be achieved. Scientists distinguish various types of academic failure. The purpose of this study is the practical development of mathematical assignments aimed at early prevention of academic failure among first graders, and the theoretical justification of the requirements for them. Research concerns not only the educational results of students, but also their psychophysiological parameters. Summarizing the various points of view of scientists, it is possible to identify a number of reasons for the failure of children associated with pedagogical, psychological and social requirements. Early identification and elimination of the causes leading to student failure helps to avoid systematic gaps in knowledge and skills. We can prevent academic failure at different stages of children's education: "at the entrance" to the educational process; during the first grade; during the transition to the next grade. The following requirements for assignments aimed at early prevention of academic failure can be distinguished: an entertaining form of material presentation; digital form of assignment presentation; research nature of the tasks; increasing level of difficulty in completing assignments; tasks with a level hint; taking into account the individual interests of the child; encouragement in case of achieving a result. In the 2022-2023 academic year, an experimental study on early prevention of academic failure was conducted in the first grades of educational institutions in Saransk within the framework of the subject area "Mathematics and Computer Science". The roles were distributed as follows: the research group – students (future primary school teachers), the experimental group – 1st "B" grades of each of the three involved educational organizations, the control group - the remaining first grades. Teachers used the developed material proposed by the research group in the 1st "B" grades. In the course of the experimental study aimed at organizing preventive measures to avoid possible academic failure of first graders, we take into account such aspects of a harmoniously developing child as mental, emotional, and cognitive ones. The developed methodology of work is related to the prevention of school failure of first graders in the framework of the subject area "Mathematics and Computer Science".