Svetlana V. Maslova

Various aspects of eliminating the failure of children at school are comprehensively worked out by teachers, psychologists, and methodologists. Insufficient level of education is the main reason for the unsatisfactory results obtained by students in an academic subject. We consider it advisable to make efforts not to eliminate existing failures, but to prevent their occurrence. Moreover, the earlier these prevention measures are carried out, the better the result can be achieved. Scientists distinguish various types of academic failure. The purpose of this study is the practical development of mathematical assignments aimed at early prevention of academic failure among first graders, and the theoretical justification of the requirements for them. Research concerns not only the educational results of students, but also their psychophysiological parameters. Summarizing the various points of view of scientists, it is possible to identify a number of reasons for the failure of children associated with pedagogical, psychological and social requirements. Early identification and elimination of the causes leading to student failure helps to avoid systematic gaps in knowledge and skills. We can prevent academic failure at different stages of children's education: "at the entrance" to the educational process; during the first grade; during the transition to the next grade. The following requirements for assignments aimed at early prevention of academic failure can be distinguished: an entertaining form of material presentation; digital form of assignment presentation; research nature of the tasks; increasing level of difficulty in completing assignments; tasks with a level hint; taking into account the individual interests of the child; encouragement in case of achieving a result. In the 2022-2023 academic year, an experimental study on early prevention of academic failure was conducted in the first grades of educational institutions in Saransk within the framework of the subject area "Mathematics and Computer Science". The roles were distributed as follows: the research group – students (future primary school teachers), the experimental group – 1st "B" grades of each of the three involved educational organizations, the control group - the remaining first grades. Teachers used the developed material proposed by the research group in the 1st "B" grades. In the course of the experimental study aimed at organizing preventive measures to avoid possible academic failure of first graders, we take into account such aspects of a harmoniously developing child as mental, emotional, and cognitive ones. The developed methodology of work is related to the prevention of school failure of first graders in the framework of the subject area "Mathematics and Computer Science".

Digital technologies are entering the everyday life of every person. The process of education is changing either. This entails the need to change the methodological training of future primary school teachers in accordance with the requirements of the time. The modern stage of computerization in Russia has led to the emergence of a new generation of children. Teachers begin to work with children of the alpha generation. These are the children of a new generation, making new demands on society. Relevant for novice teachers is the correlation of the school digital educational space, their own experience in the use of information and communication technologies, the already existing computer experience of a modern child and the main goal of learning - acquisition of knowledge and skills. The future primary school teacher has to take into account the characteristic features of alpha generation children in the educational process, linking their psychological characteristics, widespread computerization and traditional school. The purpose of this article is to analyze the possibilities of integration of the following positions into learning process: use of gadgets in the learning process; distribution of cognitive resources of the child in the process of completing tasks; evaluation of the child’s activities; implementation of non-standard learning; development of communication skills among primary school students; negative consequences of uncontrolled inclusion of digital materials in the educational process. The leading method for studying the problem is a pedagogical experiment. The essence of the experimental work was to use the worked out approaches to the alpha generation in the process of methodological training of future primary school teachers. The theoretical significance of the work was in the analysis of the literature on the designated problem and the identification of characteristics of children of a new generation. The practical worth of the article lies in the proposed variants of correlating the characteristic features of children of the alpha generation with the organization of the educational process.