Keyword: «criminal record»

This article, using the comparative legal method, studies the system of punishment based on the criminal codes of such countries as the Russian Federation and Germany. The author draws our attention to the following facts: the absence of punishment concept in the German criminal law, the specifics of a number of criminal legal institutions of the German law, extended list of punishments in the criminal code of the Russian Federation in comparison with the punishments under the criminal code of Germany, as well as the absence of the specialized punishments in the criminal code of Germany that can only be inflicted on special subjects of crime.

A criminal record is the final stage of the implementation of criminal responsibility. It is deeply connected with the personality, its legal status, which largely determines the social position and role of the individual in society. The article explores the concept of the essence and signs of the institution of criminal record. The author concludes that a criminal record is an important and mandatory institution of criminal law in crime prevention. The institution of criminal record as a guarantor of law and order plays an important role in the formation of the rule of law, democracy and the existence of civil society.

The article examines the history of the institution of criminal record in the Russian state. The author analyzes historical documents, on the basis of which a conclusion is drawn about the main stages of the emergence and consolidation of the legal consequences of a criminal record in legislation.

The article examines the evolution of the legal regulation of the consequences of a criminal record in the Soviet and modern periods of the development of criminal legislation. The author conducts a comparative analysis of regulatory legal acts and traces the trend of development of this category.