Keyword: «criterion»

The article deals with the actual problem of forming the life competence in high school students during extracurricular activities. It is due to the fact that one of the strategic directions of the education reform in Ukraine is conforming the national criteria and standards in line with European requirements, to create conditions for mastering a number of competences that provide for the graduate's ability to solving life problems, productive realization of life as an individual project, sustainable life activities in the present dynamic environment. The solution of this problem became the basis for the search for effective ways of forming the life competence in graduates of general secondary education institutions. The necessity of studying high school students life competence forming problem is determined by the presence of contradictions that need to be solved both at theoretical and practical level in particular, between: the objective needs of Ukrainian society in high level of life competence formation among graduates of general secondary education institutions as determining the personal and social qualities and the insufficient level of its theoretical and methodological foundations development; significant educational potential of extracurricular activity in high school students life competence formation and inconsistency and fragmentation of its use in teachers' practice. The purpose of the theoretical research is to study the scientific approaches to revealing the content and structure of "life competence of high school students" concept. The study of the "life competence" concept content at the theoretical level is modeled by the author as a process of existing scientific approaches theoretical analysis, multidimensionality of the studied phenomenon as an integrative concept, which is based on a set of mutually complementary approaches. The main trends in the scientific interpretation of "life competence" concept make it possible to single out the problem, and also to provide for the possibility of a holistic, multisided study of the problem at the theoretical and methodological-praxeological levels. Thanks to the use of the system approach, "life competence" concept is considered as a set of structural components and functional relationships that determine certain integrity, stability and internal organization. The activity approach to the study of "life competence" concept allowed to work out an evaluation-criterial set of tools for the levels of high school students life competence formation. Based on the analysis of the main approaches to determining the structure of life competence at the theoretical level, the author also presents her approach to the methodology for determining the criteria, indicators and levels of high school students life competence formation in extracurricular activities at the practical level. The author defines the following components in the structure of high school students life competence: motivational, axiological, cognitive, activity, reflexive-evaluative ones, on the basis of which criteria, indicators and three levels of high school students life competence formation are determined: high, sufficient and medium levels. The presented research makes a theoretical contribution to the development of new scientific approaches to clarifying the structure of "life competence" concept, and also allows to comprehend the possibility of its application to pedagogical practice of secondary education institutions.

The article discusses the possibility of improving the accuracy of management optimism of the decision maker in the conditions of statistical uncertainty based on the expansion of the range of the rank scale formed from the most stable criteria for choosing strategies. The possibility of supplementing such a scale with an extremely optimistic criterion for minimization of losses is being considered.

The social order in the field of preschool education determines the need for the development of children's initiative and involves not only the development of pedagogical tools for this process, but also a theoretical and empirical justification of its applicability. The purpose of our research is to work out and test organizational and pedagogical conditions for the development of initiative in older preschool children on the basis of volunteer activities (criteria, indicators, levels, diagnostic techniques, partial program and technology, etc.). The article presents the author's criterion model for studying the level of initiative development in older preschool children, statistical processing of the experiment results. The content of diagnostic procedures is determined taking into account the targets of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education. The pedagogical tools are based on interviews with preschoolers, the method of pedagogical observation of children during free, specially organized activities. The article discusses scientific approaches to the study of the concept of "initiative", the types of initiative and its characteristics. On the basis of a theoretical analysis of scientific works, we found a set of criteria for assessing the level of initiative development as a multidimensional and multilevel phenomenon, which are in certain relationships with each other: 1) motivational-value; 2) informational-cognitive; 3) emotional-volitional; 4) regulatory activity-oriented. On a sample of these criteria for the level of initiative development in older preschool children of the experimental group (N = 53) under the conditions of a formative experiment based on the introduction of a partial program and technology for the development of initiative of preschoolers through their inclusion in volunteer activities, it was empirically found out that these criteria for the representation initiative as a system are chosen adequately to the set goal and in their sum will validly reflect its manifestation. In the course of the final comparative diagnosing the level of initiative development in older preschool children, a positive trend was obtained, which proves the effectiveness of the worked out organizational and pedagogical conditions aimed at developing initiative in older preschool children on the basis of volunteer activities.

A comparative analysis of refrigerating agents of the heat pump installation of the greenhouse heat supply system did not allow us to identify which of the considered working bodies is the most effective. In this regard, the energy efficiency of refrigerating agents was evaluated using a multicriteria method. The methodology and initial data for calculations are presented. As a result of the research, it was found that the best perfor-mance of a heat pump unit is obtained when using a working fluid from a group of hydro-fluorocarbons.