Keyword: «gates»

This study was prepared in the year of the celebration of the 435th anniversary of Tobolsk. It contains information on the history of the construction of the stone city – the Tobolsk Kremlin. The author, through the analysis of studies of Italianisms in Russian defense architecture, tried to identify traces of their indirect influence on the constructive solutions of the building elements of the Tobolsk Kremlin. To do this, he turned to works on the history of Russian defense architecture: F.F. Laskovsky, N.V. Sultanova, V.A. Bogusevich, V.V. Yakovleva, M.I. Milchik, K.S. Nosova and others. To discuss the features of the architecture of the unique monument of defense architecture in Siberia – the Tobolsk Kremlin, the works of both historians of the Soviet era and modern times were analyzed: V.I. Kochedamova, V.V. Kirillova, S.P. Zavarikhina, S.V. Kopylova, A.A. Adamova, I.V. Balyunova, P.G. Danilova, E.P. Zagvazdin, Ya.G. Zagvazdina and others. The author comes to the conclusion that the architect of the Tobolsk Kremlin, S.U. Remezov, experienced European innovations in the field of defense architecture during his stay in Moscow. Recognizes the indirect influence of Italian traditions on the architecture of the Tobolsk Kremlin, among which the following elements were noted: the towers of Gostiny Dvor and the walls of Sofiysky Dvor, decorated with a "swallowtail", an arcade in the inner part of the walls of the Kremlin, loopholes of sole fighting, machicolations on the towers of Gostiny Dvor, gers on the western gates of Gostiny Dvor and in the projected Spassky Gates, and possibly the vaulted ceiling of one of the levels of the towers of Gostiny Dvor. He suggests that the use of double gates – for entry and pedestrian, are an echo of Italian influence on domestic defense architecture. He considers the similarity of the project of the Dmitrievsky Gate with the Sukharev Tower of the Moscow and the Front Gates of the Kolomna Kremlin to be indisputable. He notes that the fortifications of the Tobolsk Kremlin according to the project were not completed, already in the second half of the 18th century they became obsolete and did not meet the requirements of fortification. Therefore, the further maintenance of such a fortress was burdensome.