Keyword: «judicial system»

The article is devoted to the history of judicial power division theory development in Russia. The theory of powers division into legislative, executive and judicial ones became the basis for the formation of independent judiciary. The author describes the opinions of various scientists, those who supported this theory, and those who criticized it. Some problems in implementing the theory of powers division in the Soviet period are noted. It is concluded that after the implementation of modern judicial reform, the judiciary in Russia received an impulse to a new round of development and began to be consolidated as an influential power, independent of executive and legislative powers.

The article is devoted to the study of the legal regulation of the judicial system in the Black Sea and Caucasian linear Cossack troops in the first half of the XIX century. With the help of historical-legal and comparative-legal methods of scientific cognition, the normative material fixing the legal status of Cossack courts and judicial practice is analyzed in the work. The author comes to the conclusion that the imperfection of the judicial system in the class group under study was explained both by the presence of legal gaps in the special legislation regulating Cossack justice and by the general shortcomings of pre-reform justice.

The article is devoted to the review and analysis of the presumption of innocence. Its role in modern criminal law, its impact on judicial processes, problems of implementation and practice of application. Importance for the protection of the basic rights of the defendants

The article examines the issue of the emergence of the judicial system in the ancient Russian state. The author analyzes the main legal sources of the IX–XV century, notes the main trends in the development of the judicial system in the Russian state.

This article includes a comparative analysis of the doctrines of the Russian judiciary in the Soviet and modern periods. In this study, an attempt is made to find differences and similarities in the understanding of the judiciary in various historical stages of our country.