Keyword: «primary school student»

The urgency of the problem under study is connected with the study of the specific aspects of learning independence development among primary school students. Research activity forms a special style of learning activity, contributes to the transformation of learning into self-learning, and launches self-development mechanisms. The purpose of the study: to define the problems of developing learning independence among primary school students, to identify the conditions for overcoming them and to test the psychological and pedagogical program for the development of learning independence in primary school students in the process of organizing research activities. The works of scientists in the field of educational activity, learning independence of primary school students serve as the theoretical and methodological basis of the study. Research methods: theoretical (study and analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature; analysis, generalization and systematization of information from scientific sources); empirical (testing, questioning, pedagogical experiment); methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis. The study was conducted on the basis of the secondary school No. 2 in Serpukhov, Moscow region. The pilot study involved 22 students of the 4th grade. The diagnostic program included the following methods: a map of independence manifestations, observation through the diagnostic map "Identification of research skills", a survey "Do you know how?", a survey to identify the emotional attitude of children to research activities, a scale of educational and cognitive interest level. The study showed that a positive attitude towards research activities and educational and cognitive interest in children is clearly expressed, but work is needed to develop specific research skills, since many students have difficulties with identifying problems, formulating questions, advancing hypotheses, classification, the ability to experiment, draw conclusions and make deductions. The following conditions for the development of learning independence among primary school student in the process of organizing research activities were identified: taking into account the age and individual characteristics of a primary school student in the process of learning activity; involvement of students in a phased research activity with a gradual decrease in the role of adults in it; the use of active and interactive methods and different ways of organizing cognitive, problem-search, project activities; purposeful formation of specific research skills, in the development of which problems have been identified, as well as methods of self-control and self-assessment of primary school students at all stages of research activity. These conditions were tested during the implementation of a specially worked out psychological and pedagogical program, which resulted in a positive trend in the studied indicators, which proves the effectiveness of the work done. The results of the study can be useful in organizing research activities and developing the independence of primary school students in learning and extracurricular activities.

Modern primary school creates many conditions for the development of a focused and productive personality of a student, where an important role can be given to the formation of achievement motivation, which allows this individual to focus on success and obtaining a positive result in learning activities. Having information about the motivational tendencies of a primary school student, teachers get the opportunity to manage his productivity in learning activities and predict learning difficulties, where academic performance is one of the indicators. The purpose of the study was to study the achievement motivation of primary school students with different academic performance, within the framework of which academic performance is considered as a quantitative result of learning activities, and achievement motivation as a source of activity of the child, directing him to achieve success in this activity. The following research methods were used: a survey using the «Achievement Motivation Grid» test or the MA-grid of H. D. Schmalt adapted by N. V. Afanasyeva, comparative analysis and a mathematical method of secondary processing of empirical data - Fisher’s statistical F-criterion. The study of achievement motivation of primary school students was conducted as part of a pilot study on a sample of 92 students of primary school age. As a result, we can see that majority of primary school students have achievement motivation at an average level of development, where successes and failures in learning activities are a priority for them. Primary school students with «good» and «excellent» academic performance show a motivational tendency to «achieve success» at an average level, and the students with lower academic performance show a tendency to «avoid failure» at low levels of manifestation. The theoretical implication of the work is in the examination of the achievement motivation manifestation as a source of student success in learning activities, where motivational tendencies are given in a comparative analysis with their different performance in learning activities, as well as taking into account the age characteristics of primary school students. The practical significance can be justified by the fact that the described results of the empirical study can be useful to teachers of primary general education for the prevention of developmental deviations in the motivational sphere of primary school students and for monitoring the reasons for the failure of primary school students in learning activities.

The article discusses the theoretical foundations of the use of combinatorial problems in the mathematical development of primary school students. The authors note the features of the mathematical development of younger schoolchildren and reveal the essence of the concept of “combinatorial problems”. The article reflects the specifics of working with combinatorial problems in a primary school mathematics course, and also presents and analyzes the results of research work to identify the level of mathematical development of third-grade students. The authors proposed a set of problems using combinatorics elements for primary schoolchildren in the aspect of mathematical development.

The development of research skills in primary school students is a task that requires a comprehensive approach and involves creating favorable pedagogical conditions. An important aspect of establishing such conditions is the use of the pedagogical potential of ethnocultural traditions, which enriches the educational process, making it more diverse and engaging for children. The aim of this study was to examine the pedagogical conditions for developing research skills in primary school students through the pedagogical potential of ethnocultural traditions, which serve as a rich source of knowledge, skills, and values. In the course of the research, the following tasks were addressed: identifying and describing the pedagogical conditions that facilitate the effective development of research skills in primary school students; determining the means of the pedagogical potential of ethnocultural traditions for the development of research skills; and conducting an experimental study to assess the effectiveness of applying ethnocultural traditions to the educational process. Based on an analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, the identified pedagogical conditions contributing to the development of research skills in primary school students laid the groundwork for organizing and conducting experimental work. The research methods included M.V. Matyukhina’s test “Study of the Motivational Sphere of Primary School Students for Research Activity” and the methodology for assessing the practical readiness of these students for research activities worked out by N.N. Sandalova. The latter methodology represents a comprehensive approach aimed at determining the level of research skills development in primary school students. During the experiment, innovative techniques that integrate ethnocultural traditions into the educational process were developed and tested. The results of the study showed that the use of the pedagogical potential of ethnocultural traditions helped to increase motivation for research activities, developed creative potential, and fostered the development of research skills in primary school students. The theoretical significance of the study lies in defining pedagogical conditions in the context of ethnocultural traditions. Its practical significance stems from the fact that the proposed methods of integrating ethnocultural traditions can be implemented in the educational process to enhance its effectiveness.

The most important task of modern primary school is the development of personality through the formation of universal learning actions (hereinafter referred to as ULA), which are the basis of the educational process. A special group of cognitive ULA is formed by the ability to work with information. At the level of primary education, this ability is manifested in the selection of sources for obtaining information, finding and analyzing information in accordance with the educational task; recognizing reliable and unreliable information; presenting information using diagrams and tables, converting text information into a graphical model. Working with a model when studying new objects and their properties is often used in lessons on the subject "The World Around Us". Essential features and relations discovered during modeling become clearly understood and visually presented to students. The aim of this study is to examine the potential of forming ULA of the "Working with Information" group in primary school students at lessons on the subject "The World Around Us" using basic summaries. The basis for the study was one of the educational organizations of the Perm Region, the total number of participants in the pedagogical experiment was 50 students. The following methods were used in the study: theoretical and comparative analysis of sources, pedagogical experiment, methods of statistical processing of results. The authors revealed positive dynamics of developing skills to work with information in primary school students after targeted use of basic summaries in lessons. The article defines pedagogical conditions of effective use of basic summaries for developing skills to work with information. The theoretical significance and novelty of the study lies in clarification of key concepts of the study, definition of pedagogical conditions for basic summaries application in lessons on the subject «The World Around Us». The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the obtained results and conclusions confirm the effectiveness of basic summaries as a means of developing skills to work with information in primary school students; the worked-out versions of summaries and described techniques can be used in practice by primary school teachers.