Keyword: «visual perception»

The paper discusses psycholinguistic aspects of reading. The authors describe procedural and substantive aspects of this kind of speech activity; describe the concepts of leading psychologists and psycholin-guists, analyzing reading.

The article deals with the problem of cadets’ communicative competence development at the initial stage of teaching in aviation military school. Using communicative simulation and visual aids has made it possible to design a system of exercises and teaching techniques aimed at the communicative competence development.

In the education of architects and designers, there is a contradiction between a professional focus on constructivism and a naturalistic approach to the image. Optimization of the educational process becomes relevant. The aim of the article: to explore the advantages of constructing images of objects based on scientific knowledge and constructive methods, as opposed to sensationalism. The constructivist approach becomes principal in the theoretical study of the problem of optimizing education. The results of the study of scientific sources determined a system of interdisciplinary conditions for optimizing graphic activity. The content of learning is optimized in the knowledge of relationships, the study of objects and the construction of spatial or artistic structures, forms and methods: systemic geometric constructivism leads students to adaptation in the algorithmic construction of generalized models – it is used when incorporating scientific concepts of perspective into the sign-symbolic means of visual language; possible artistic and interpretive constructivism allows the student’s personality to self-actualize – it is used to identify the content of images and style structures, the spatial structure of the shape of objects is preserved in this process. The research method is used in searching for relationships between parts of a composition. The results of the article bring significant changes in the education of architects and designers, in improving visual literacy and artistic and aesthetic culture of the picture. The theoretical and practical significance of the article is determined by the conditions for optimizing education: the use of the sign-symbolic method of making images, in contrast to relying on sensory perception, does not cause psychophysical determinations, and contributes to the learning of all students with different intellectual styles of cognition; the teacher as a facilitator provides regulatory visualization of generalized knowledge and conducts discussions in interactive learning – collective methods of stimulating and activating students’ independent understanding of the concepts of constructing object models; the teacher also uses individual methods of collaboration with students and their consultation; the constructive potential of visual perception and systemic thinking as higher cognitive processes is formed in problem-based learning of students with changes in the content, methods and structure of the educational process at different stages.