Ключевое слово: «causes»

Iodine is a mineral nutrient essential for the regulation of a variety of key physiological functions including metabolism and brain development and function in children and adults. As such, iodine intake and status within populations is an area of concern and research focus [1, p. 1]. Iodine deficiency is considered a major public health problem worldwide affecting all groups of people, children and lactating women especially. The Russian Federation is one of the countries with proven natural iodine deficiency. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that iodine defi-ciency diseases (IDD) are the most common thyroid diseases and are pathological conditions that develop as a result of iodine deficiency in the diet, which can be prevented by normalizing its con-sumption. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is one of the territories with pronounced iodine deficiency. In conditions of a harsh climate, the population has a high level of iodine deficiency [2, p. 131]. In addition, in regions with iodine deficiency, the risk of developing radiation-induced thyroid pathology in the event of a nuclear disaster increases significantly [3, p. 150]. Therefore, it is extremely important to establish preventive measures for the prevention of iodine deficiency. The aim of the work is to review works devoted to the problem of iodine deficiency, its consequences and possible ways to replenish iodine deficiency based on recently published studies.