Mariya Ilich

. In this article, the authors study the dynamics of the spread of the gastrointestinal tract diseases and the possible influence of psychological causes on the occurrence of diseases of this nosological group. The authors also analyze the official medical statistics of Russia and foreign psychological research in the period from 1939 to 2020 (from the beginning of the Great Patriotic War to the COVID-19 pandemic). The article presents the conclusions that the spread of digestive system diseases is dynamic, and there are changes in their characteristics. In every decade, patients with gastroenterological diseases demonstrate certain characteristic psychological traits. This allows us to conclude that an increase in the incidence can be expected in the post-pandemic period of COVID-19 infection, since there is a clear relationship between the emotional state of a person and somatic manifestations under conditions of high stress and post-traumatic stress, which affects the functioning of the digestive organs. One of the tasks of psychologists who work in the field of “psychology of health” is the prevention of somatic diseases and the preservation of psychological health through the education and formation of healthy lifestyle habits, which can have a significant impact on the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases.

Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of patients with eating disorders both in Russia and abroad, which is a very serious problem. The number of patients with different diagnosed eating disorders, including patients with anorexia nervosa, is increasing. This article discusses the theoretical issues of aggressive behavior study in female patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa through the prism of health psychology, as well as the importance of mental and physical health in patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Scientists pay great attention to this problem, because, according to the results of ten-year observation of the patients ' catamnesis data, the patient's life ends in death due to multiple somatic disorders. Almost 20% of young girls end their lives with suicide. In terms of lethality, anorexia nervosa keeps the first place among all mental disorders. The problems of violence and aggression in patients have not been sufficiently studied, and there are no regulated, clear protocols for the study of this problem, which complicates the work of a specialist. Aggression and violence in patients with anorexia nervosa may be a form of the self-image protection. Moreover, the patient exhibits such protective behavior as the main way to solve difficulties and problems. A psychologist working in the field of health psychology must remember that each person has unique individual, personal features and qualities.