Marina G. Sergeeva

Under the influence of modern information technologies, higher education has entered the era of digital education. Traditionally accepted relationships in the university, when a student is an object, and a teacher is a subject of the educational process, are being questioned. The structure of interaction and relationships between teachers and students at universities is changing. If earlier the interaction between a teacher and a student was limited by space and time, then in the era of digital information education these restrictions can be eliminated. There was also distance learning (through paper letters, videotapes, etc.) before the widespread use of the Internet, however, such education was episodic, one-sided and could neither replace nor fully complement traditional classroom-based higher education. However, today the situation has changed, and this issue is relevant to consider not only from the point of view of new educational methods, but also from the position of changing the nature and direction of communication between students and teachers as the main participants in the educational process. The aim of the article is to describe in detail the characteristics of changes, technological achievements and trends in the development of interaction between participants in the educational process at a university in the era of digital education. This article is of a theoretical nature. It uses systemic, cultural-historical and communicative approaches. The results of the study suggest that the choice of electronic educational environments requires a clear correlation with the format of pedagogical activity and its targets. Moodle demonstrates the greatest efficiency in the framework of systemic training designed for a long term; the platform provides detailed control of students' academic achievements and structured accumulation of educational analytics. In turn, Zoom is suitable for organizing synchronous classes: online lectures and seminars, where immediate exchange of opinions between participants is important. Theoretical significance of the work. The article contributes to understanding the functional characteristics of digital educational platforms in the context of transforming interaction between students and teachers today. Practical significance of the work. The results of the study can be useful for updating university programs through the targeted implementation of technologies for adjusting pedagogical approaches taking into account the synergy of asynchronous and synchronous formats, and for improving the quality of distance learning. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the work examines the specific features of interaction between teachers and students in digital environment in the context of the present time using specific examples.

The professional standard "Teacher" describes a number of new labour functions, labour actions carried out within the teacher's activity framework. Modern teachers do not always perform all the required new functions and actions, so their compensatory education is now organized in educational institutions of additional professional education. The aim of the article was to present the structure of the teacher's professional subjectivity development system in an educational organization of additional professional education. The main approaches in our research were the study of literary sources on the chosen topic and the definition of the component characteristics of the teacher's professional subjectivity development system. The article results in the presentation of the main structural elements of the teacher's professional subjectivity development system in the educational organization of additional professional education: 1 – the coordination component involves the organization of long-term planning; 2 – the research component is aimed at conducting research on the professional needs of teachers, missing competences, and the peculiarities of teachers' professional subjectivity; 3 – the experiential component is aimed at conducting teacher training within the framework of advanced training courses, organizing the development of a student's own individual educational vector; 4 – expert component involves an analytical review by the tutor of the educational organization of additional professional education and by the trained teacher of the levels of teacher’s professional subjectivity, comparing their characteristics at the first and last stages of training. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the examination of significant research by domestic, American and Canadian researchers on the problems of continuing professional education, issues of professional subjectivity and its development. The practical significance consists in identifying the main characteristics of the teacher's professional subjectivity development in an institution of additional professional education.

Economic processes are inseparable from the life of each person, therefore it is so important to form economic culture in students who, sooner or later, depending on their age and course of study, embark on the path of making independent economic decisions. In order to make rational economic decisions that are beneficial both to themselves and to the state of which they are members, it is necessary to develop a culture of this kind of activity. Ultimately, the dynamism and sustainability of the development of the economy of the entire state will depend on the degree of development of the economic culture of citizens. Therefore, teachers face the difficult task of economic education and enlightenment of the Russian student community. The aim of our article was to study and analyze the views of domestic and foreign authors on the essence of the concepts of "culture" and "economic culture", to determine the structural elements of the latter and to generalize the characteristics of its formation in university students. The study of the problem was carried out using such methods as analysis, synthesis, and generalization. The analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources allowed us to identify the essential characteristics of economic culture, its components, and, on their basis, to formulate the authors’ original definition of this concept. Besides, our study resulted in summarizing the characteristic features of the process of economic culture formation among students in the system of higher education. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the analysis of the views of domestic and foreign authors on the essence of the concepts of "culture" and "economic culture", the definition of its structural elements. The practical significance is in the generalization of the characteristic features of the formation of economic culture among students of higher educational institutions, which must be taken into account by teachers when developing and implementing educational programs, as well as extracurricular work with students. Among them, the following were identified: continuity and consistency, basic economic disciplines that form the core of the educational process, interdisciplinary approach, active learning, integration of theoretical knowledge with practical experience, the influence of digital literacy and international cooperation, the significant role of teachers and educational programs, regular assessment of results.

New standards of professional activity for teachers of various specialties establish a demand for teachers of the general education level to master a system of modern professional knowledge, skills, abilities, and competences. This system is innovative; however, not all elements of this system (professional competences, professional knowledge, etc.) are fully formed in teaching staff. The activities of educational organizations of the additional professional education system are aimed at their formation through the development of additional professional programs for advanced training, diagnostics of professional teachers’ deficiencies, organization of appropriate training, implementation of individualization of teacher education, etc. It is important to include a teacher in training, in which he/she is the subject of his/her educational activity, relying on his/her own professional subjectivity. The aim of this article is to present the specifics of the professional subjectivity of a teacher through the description of its main functions: motivation, organization, reflection. The basic foundations in our study were: evaluation of scientific sources on this issue and identification, description of the functions of the professional subjectivity of a teacher. The article resulted in the identified and described functions of the professional subjectivity of a teacher. The motivation function involves initiating activity, self-motivation for educational activities in an educational organization of additional professional education. The function of organizing the educational activities of a teacher in an educational organization of additional professional education is realized in a situation where a teacher independently develops his/her own educational activities and controls them. The reflection function is ensured by performing the procedure of comparing the set goal and the obtained result of the educational activities of a teacher in an educational organization of additional professional education. The theoretical significance of the study lies in identifying and defining the specifics of the professional subjectivity of a teacher. The practical significance of the article lies in creating characteristics of the main functions of the professional subjectivity of a teacher.

Modern provisions of the higher education system are conditioned by the transforming requirements of the labor market. In accordance with this, new, more flexible teaching methods appear that take into account the needs of not only business, but also the individual needs of students. Tools and methods are borrowed from other areas of application. Thus, the journey map tool came from marketing to education, which is aimed at studying the educational experience and needs of the student. The study of the student's educational path reflects the competence approach, the essence of which is focus on professional and personal abilities. The aim of the article is to determine the stages of developing a student journey map (SJM) as a tool for forming competences while training future managers; as well as the development of SJM in the discipline "Marketing". The study used theoretical and empirical methods, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, semi-structured interview. As a result of the study, the main stages of SJM development were identified, which include: defining goals and objectives, collecting and analyzing data, creating a student portrait, defining key student actions, defining interaction points, analyzing emotions and needs, visualization. These stages can be applied when developing SJM in any area of education and at any stage, since they represent a system plan. The conducted semi-structured interview of students allowed us to create a portrait of a first-year student, whose main characteristics are: minimal knowledge of marketing, desire to gain new knowledge, active use of social networks, adaptation to a new social environment, desire for teamwork, adaptation to university requirements, high technological requirements. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the analysis of the literature of domestic and foreign authors studying the aspects of the competence-based approach in education; synthesis and generalization of the studied concepts of the competence-based approach. The practical significance of the study is represented by the definition of the stages of SJM development in the preparation of future managers.