Lidia P. Kostikova

The increasing need of the state for the latest scientific research and development entails the requirement to intensify the research activities of modern universities. In practice, there is a contradiction between the need to improve the quality of training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel and the insufficiently high level of training of graduates of postgraduate/adjunct studies, which led to the research problem. The aim of the study is to identify the opinion of postgraduate students/adjuncts about their research activities during an online survey, analyse the results obtained and draw conclusions about possible ways to improve the training of highly qualified personnel. The research is based on a subject activity-oriented methodological approach that allows us to consider the scientific activities of postgraduate students/adjuncts from the perspective of creative interaction, reflection, individual self-learning and self-development. The study involved postgraduate students and adjuncts of graduating classes of higher education institutions in Ryazan, who carried out research in various scientific fields – technical, medical, natural science, social, humanitarian and military. 68 respondents aged from 25 and up to 41 years and older took part in the survey. 27 of them were women and 41 were men. The novelty of the conducted research lies in identifying and analysing the opinions and assessments of postgraduate students/adjuncts of the final year, characterizing their understanding of the difficulties of studying in postgraduate school. The theoretical significance lies in enriching the methodology and technology of vocational education in terms of training scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel in postgraduate and adjunct studies. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the research results to improve the quality of training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel at a modern university. The prospects for further research lie in the scientific substantiation of ways to improve the training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel in civil and military universities, in improving the quality of scientific leadership, in considering the potential of using artificial intelligence technologies in the process of conducting scientific research.

In the context of growing global competition, there is an urgent need to train entrepreneurs capable of independent activity. The Third Generation Universities pay serious attention to students’ entrepreneurial competences formation and development regardless of their major. The purpose of the study is to analyze the formation of students’ entrepreneurial competences in the process of career-guidance project development and to find out their attitude towards entrepreneurship. The study is based on the project methodological approach. The research methods applied are theoretical analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific findings of foreign and Russian authors in the field of project work and entrepreneurial competences. The empirical base of the study includes the results of a group career-guidance project-based work of the students of Ryazan State University named after S. A. Yesenin majoring in tourism (43.03.02), as well as overt observation, online survey, reflexive narrative essays. The results of the study confirm students’ significant interest in entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial competences development. The data received show students’ active intention to acquire and develop entrepreneurial competences, readiness for creative work, desire to create real commercial products in order to increase the attractiveness of the university for domestic and foreign students. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the identification of students’ attitude towards entrepreneurial competences while working on career-guidance project and analysis of their entrepreneurial potential. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the obtained data to develop entrepreneurial competences of students majoring in various fields at the university. In the process of career-guided project development students majoring in tourism acquire entrepreneurial competences, implement their creativity, practice teamwork and time management. As a trend for further research, preparation of projects scientific supervisors is to be scientifically substantiated. Their task is to specify the aims and objectives of the projects, to consult the students leaving it up to them to lead the projects.