Keyword: «методология»

The article examines the dichotomy of microeconomics and macroeconomics as a fundamental structure of modern economic theory. The author analyzes the evolution of views on the division of economic science into two levels, from the works of A. Smith to the theory of the neoclassical synthesis by P. Samuelson. Special attention is paid to the problem of aggregation and the «microeconomic foundations» of macroeconomics. It is concluded that, despite the differences in the objects of study, microeconomics and macroeconomics represent a unified system of knowledge, where violations at the micro level inevitably lead to macroeconomic instability.