Keyword: «crimea»

The article discusses the images of mountains and the associated color symbolism in poems of I.A. Bunin. The author of the research article explores the meaning of color of the mountains on the basis of the material of all Bunin's poetry expressing interest in everything connected with the mountains. In Bunin's works, one finds modern and old names of mountain ranges. The researcher finds that the poet uses the images of mountains to reveal the dual nature of symbols. Using the example of legends and mythological plots from the ancient religious traditions of the world, the poet speaks of eternal problems and his own experiences which are relevant for every person at all times.

The historical aspects of the development of the physical education system for various population groups in our country continue to be the focus of attention for modern researchers without losing their relevance. The aim of this work was to examine the development of physical education and sports activities among Crimean schoolchildren from the mid-1930s to the early 1940s. Based on systemic and regional approaches, this work used a variety of general theoretical and historical-pedagogical methods, including analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, system-historical analysis, and historical-retrospective and comparative methods. The main sources for studying this issue are the documents of the Republican Committee for Physical Education and Sports under the Council of People's Commissars of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from 1936 to 1941, which were first introduced into scientific circulation. The analysis of the scientific fund showed that physical education, since the mid-1930s, had taken a significant place in the system of education of the younger generation in the regions of the USSR, in particular in the Crimean ASSR. It was found that, in addition to improving the physical condition of students, work in the ideological, patriotic, and moral spheres had been significantly intensified. By the beginning of the 1940s, comprehensive coverage of compulsory physical education classes had been achieved in educational institutions in Crimea, and efforts were made to improve the staffing, material and technical resources for physical education. The self-organized physical education movement in school clubs and physical education teams was constantly expanding. During the period under study, the development of the ГТО and БГТО (Ready for Labour and Defence of the USSR) complexes as a methodological basis for physical education of Soviet schoolchildren was completed. School sports teams were included in the system of sports competitions from intra-school to all-Union levels. The theoretical significance of the work lies in obtaining previously unknown data on the organization of physical education and sports activities in schools of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the late 1930s and early 1940s, which contribute to a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the region's development. The practical significance of this work lies in the possibility of critical reflection and the borrowing of positive experience for the further development and improvement of the modern system of physical education for school-aged children.

The importance of studying the historical aspects of the development of swimming and water sports remains significant, as it helps to understand its current role in culture, sports, and health care. Until now, the emergence and development of water sports (swimming, water polo, and diving) in Crimea at the beginning of the 20th century have not been the subject of a special study. In the article, the authors attempted to study the development of water sports and teaching people to swim in Crimea at the beginning of the 20th century. Based on systematic and regional approaches, the scientific article used a complex of general theoretical, historical, and historical-pedagogical methods (analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, system-historical analysis, historical and retrospective methods, comparative methods). The main sources for studying this issue are scientific articles on the development of swimming during the studied period, archival documents, autobiographical works, and publications in the Crimean press of the early 20th century. It has been found that the Crimean Peninsula, which is surrounded by seas, actively used its water resources for the development of swimming and water sports. The early 20th century was a period of active development of water sports on the peninsula, which was achieved through the introduction of "sea sports" into the extracurricular activities of educational institutions in Crimea and the establishment of special swimming schools in the cities of Feodosia, Yevpatoria, and Sevastopol, with the active support of yacht clubs, philanthropists, and the Imperial Russian Society for Saving Lives on the Waters and Military Sports Committees. The theoretical significance of this work lies in obtaining previously unsystematized data on the development of water sports and swimming training in Crimea at the beginning of the 20th century, which contributes to a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the region's development. The practical significance of the work is due to the possibility of further critical reflection and borrowing of positive experience for the development and improvement of modern water sports on the peninsula.