Keyword: «crimean assr»

The issues of patriotic education and military-physical training of students at higher educational institutions for military service and state defense remain relevant in any historical era. In the article the authors attempted to identify the organizational and pedagogical aspects of mass defense, physical education and sports activities using the example of higher educational institutions of the Crimean ASSR in the late 30s – early 40s of the 20th century. Based on a systematic and regional approach, the scientific article used a complex of general theoretical, historical, and historical-pedagogical methods (analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, system-historical analysis, historical-retrospective, comparative methods, and modeling). The main sources for studying this issue are the documents of the Republican Committee for Physical Education and Sports under the Council of People's Commissars of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from 1937 to 1941, which were first introduced into scientific circulation. The results of the conducted research allowed us to identify the key features of the system of defense, physical education, and military-patriotic work in the Crimean higher education institutions during the studied period. It was found that its effectiveness was ensured by the integration of the efforts of the state, public, and party bodies of the peninsula, as well as the administration and public activists of the universities. The best teaching staff was concentrated in educational institutions, and training assistants were prepared from among the students. Educational institutions were included in the system of sports and social competitions, from intra-university to Аll-Crimean levels. Almost all students and faculty members of Crimean higher education institutions participated in sports or defense sections, brigades, clubs, and detachments, and were involved in passing the standards for obtaining defense badges. The system of organizing defense work in Crimean higher education institutions demonstrated its effectiveness during the Great Patriotic War. The theoretical significance of the work lies in obtaining previously unknown data on the organization of defense and military physical education in the universities of the Crimean ASSR, which contributes to a more complete and profound understanding of the region's development. The practical significance of the work is due to the possibility of further critical reflection and borrowing of positive experience for the further development and improvement of the modern system of training students to defend their country.

The study of the historical aspects of the development of gymnastics is highly relevant today and provides insight into both the positive experiences and the difficulties of its establishment at the national and regional levels. In the article, the authors attempted to consider the development of gymnastics as a means of physical education for the Crimean population in the 1930s. Based on systemic and regional approaches, the work used a complex of general theoretical and historical-pedagogical methods (analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, systemic historical analysis, historical-retrospective, comparative methods). The main sources for studying this issue are the documents of the Republican Committee for Physical Culture and Sports under the Council of People's Commissars of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from 1930 to 1941, which were first introduced into scientific circulation. The results of the conducted study have shown that the 1930s were a turning point in the development of gymnastics, establishing its leading role in the system of Soviet physical education, both nationwide and in individual regions. Gymnastics became popular among young people and adults in the cities and villages of Crimea. The organization and holding of gymnastic competitions of various scales in Crimean schools, technical schools, universities, voluntary sports societies, and units of the Red Army and the Black Sea Fleet are of utmost importance. By the end of the 1930s and the beginning of the 1940s, gymnastics had become the most popular sport in the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the foundation of the physical education system. Crimean athletes performed well at various competitions. The theoretical significance of this work lies in obtaining previously unknown data on the specific features of using gymnastics in the physical education of the population in the Crimean ASSR in the 1930s. The practical significance of the work is due to the possibility of further critical reflection and borrowing of positive experiences in the development of gymnastics during the studied period and its use in modern conditions.