Keyword: «indo-european languages»

The article presents a comparative analysis of two phraseological units with the semantic field "fear" in Spanish, English, French, Ukrainian and Russian, highlighting the mental features of their origin, semantics and use. In the course of the study, it is possible to establish that in the picture of the world of any nation there is a concept of fear. At the same time, the feeling of fear can cause a specific conscious phenomenon, but most often fear is formed at the level of the subconscious, so the reasons for such fear are usually difficult to determine and difficult to explain. Such subconscious fears include the fear of a certain day of the week when important things should not be started, or the fear of a hypothetical misfortune in the future. The peculiarities of the manifestation of these fears can be established from the peculiarities of the linguistic picture of the world of each nation when studying its folklore, especially proverbs and phraseological expressions. To establish the equivalence of the meanings of such stable combinations, it is necessary to conduct a thorough comparative analysis of the linguistic elements, involving the facts of the history of the appearance of these expressions in the history of each nation.

Any language constantly changes, it happens thanks to the imagination of the people who speak it, jokes, historical aspects and the expansion of other peoples. The base that we have now in English has acquired a modern look thanks to borrowings from other languages. Mainly, innovations occurred under the influence of the German invasions and the development of the aristocracy.