Keyword: «interfacial adhesion»

A review of long-term studies on the durability of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer composites operated in cold climate conditions is presented. The necessity of an integrated analysis at the micro-, meso-, and macro-scale levels is substantiated. The key degradation mechanisms of the epoxy matrix within the composite structure are identified, including moisture and thermal diffusion processes, UV-induced degradation, biological impact, and the development of internal stresses under thermal cycling, which lead to changes in fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion and defect accumulation. The advantages of basalt composites over glass fiber-reinforced composites in terms of property retention during prolonged service are demonstrated.

The technology of obtaining and complex properties of polyurethane composites reinforced with carbon fiber are investigated. The key problems of modern research (insufficient interfacial adhesion, low thermal and moisture resistance, and uneven fiber distribution) are identified, and a comprehensive approach to their solution is proposed, including optimization of the polyurethane matrix formulation, pre-treatment of carbon fiber, and regulation of molding/curing parameters. Mechanical (stretching, bending, impact strength) and thermal (DSC, TGA) studies have evaluated the properties of composites with different carbon fiber content. It is shown that at 15 wt. % fiber content composites demonstrate optimal mechanical properties, and the regulation of curing significantly improves their thermal stability. The study provides a theoretical and technical basis for a wide range of engineering applications of the results obtained.