Keyword: «past»

The article is devoted to the topical issue of a modern person confusion in the face of the "end of history" (F. Fukuyama): large collective projects, that invariably supplied a "historical" perspective to a "private" being, had exhausted themselves by the end of the twentieth century. However, this fact does not in any way cancel the request of individual existence for historical projection: the need for self-projecting of future is the fundamental attribute of human existence; the way of organizing time by individual consciousness (E. Husserl). The ability to handle time becomes today a key condition for authentic (joint-individual and, as a consequence, collective) historical existence. The pulsing present, which includes both the past and the future at the same time, becomes a platform for an "accurate" historical gestalt because of the "temporary fields" imposition (E. Husserl). Each taken separately modern "adult" (E. Erikson) individually experiences the "end of history" as a personal drama (the final resolution of the identity crisis in the "middle of life" (E. Erikson)), in which (with proper treatment of the past as a "fragment" of the present) he finds sources of further growth (a meaningful increase in volume (development of care meta-virtue) and the power of the ego) and personal future projecting. This idea of history (as a collective future emerging from authentic "personal" / local projects) is especially important for Russia, which is still concerned with the search for a "national idea" in the format of a "grand historical project": "the end of history" has come for everybody.

This article outlines the philosophical aspect of the problem of time. Many hypotheses were put forward about the essence of time in the works of ancient philosophers (Aristotle, Platon, etc.) as well as in the works of scientists of XX–XXI centuries (A. Friedman, V.Р. Bransky, etc.). It allows us to distinguish two main tendencies in studying time. On the one hand, it is a subject of special field and, on the other hand, it is an interpretation of time in connection with consciousness. A special attention will be paid to the positions of M. Heidegger, R. Descartes, J.-M. Guyot, M.M. Bakhtin, E.A. Referovskaya and A.V. Bondarko. We will view the transcendental idealism and phenomenology approach to the time concept.