Keyword: «renaissance»

The article suggests the need for a comprehensive view of the origins of new European philosophy, as prepared by a variety of phenomena of cultural life in Western Europe of the XM-XM centuries. The Radical difference from the previous eras is the formation in the New time of practically oriented knowledge, which led to the development of specific for the New time forms of cultural and spiritual life.

Based on the analysis of graphic documents found in the central archives, using the ideas of the European "new fortification" as a methodological approach, the author considers the degree and stages of implementation of fortification innovations introduced in the era of Peter the Great during the construction of defensive fortifications on the Siberian lines. Attention is paid to the development trend of the European fortification of the Renaissance. The issue of the Dutch influence of the "new fortification" on the organization of the border space in Russia is discussed. The results of a comparative analysis of the penetration of European traditions of fortification into the European part of Russia and Siberia are presented. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of individual elements of the bastion system. On the example of the Semipalatinsk fortress, a review of the evolution of the process of penetration of innovations into the practice of organizing the border space in the south of Western Siberia is made. Graphic materials on the objects of fortification of the Siberian lines are presented.