Keyword: «western siberia»

The article deals with the life of P.P. Ershov. Emphasis is placed on the interaction of P. P. Ershov with V.A. Artsimovich. The activity as director of the Tobolsk provincial gymnasium is revealed.

Based on the author's many years of research, methodological aspects of the study of cities in the eastern regions of the Russian state are considered. Attention is paid to the substantiation of new approaches to the study of cities and fortress cities of the Petrine era: cities and fortress cities become the main tool in annexing and developing new territories. The results of a comparative analysis of the fortified cities of the southern, southeastern and eastern outskirts of the Russian Empire in the first quarter of the 18th century are presented, the evolution of domestic urban planning traditions is shown. The activities of Peter I are also studied from the point of view of Russia's search for fundamentally new approaches, both to foreign and domestic policy, taking into account one more alternative, such as changing the traditional value system of Russian society. The influence of fortress cities on the socio-cultural development of the annexed territories is noted. Particular attention is paid to the role of the cities of the Petrine era on the socio-cultural development of Western Siberia. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that, in contrast to the methodological concept of the previous period, when peasant colonization was assigned the main role in the economic and cultural development of the Russian outskirts, the author substantiates the importance of the state's urban policy in the socio-cultural integration of the outskirts within the Russian Empire.

The article attempts to present a social and professional portrait of Latin language teachers in secular educational institutions in Western Siberia during the reforms of Russian secondary education in the 60s–80s 18th–first quarter of the 19th centuries, which resulted in the establishment of the system of classical European education in Russian gymnasiums. The author gives characteristics of the first Latin language teachers at the Tobolsk Main Public School and its successor, the Tobolsk Men's Classical Gymnasium in the period from 1789 to 1828. Attention is paid to the social origin of the Latin language teachers, their professional competencies, family and social status, changes in the social status and material conditions of life, their interaction with the local population. As a result of the investigation, the author concludes that, in comparison with the European provinces of Russia, the speed of implementation of the reforms of classical education in Western Siberia was slower. Regional West Siberian reasons for lagging behind the all-Russian course of reforms are identified: poor professional and pedagogical training of teachers, lack of opportunities for self-education, low salaries, insufficient social security, difficult living conditions for many teachers. A negative role was also played by the absence in most cases of personal motivation of gymnasium students and their parents to receive higher education at Russian universities. The novelty of this study is given by the use as sources of unpublished and published archival data on the history of the Main Public School and the Tobolsk Classical Gymnasium of the late 18th – first quarter of the 19th centuries. (reports of directors and teachers, orders of the trustees of the educational district and ministers of education, historical notes on the anniversaries of the gymnasium), as well as personal documents – memoirs and personal correspondence of teachers.

Based on the analysis of graphic documents found in the central archives, using the ideas of the European "new fortification" as a methodological approach, the author considers the degree and stages of implementation of fortification innovations introduced in the era of Peter the Great during the construction of defensive fortifications on the Siberian lines. Attention is paid to the development trend of the European fortification of the Renaissance. The issue of the Dutch influence of the "new fortification" on the organization of the border space in Russia is discussed. The results of a comparative analysis of the penetration of European traditions of fortification into the European part of Russia and Siberia are presented. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of individual elements of the bastion system. On the example of the Semipalatinsk fortress, a review of the evolution of the process of penetration of innovations into the practice of organizing the border space in the south of Western Siberia is made. Graphic materials on the objects of fortification of the Siberian lines are presented.