№ 09 (September)

One of the didactics development directions is associated with the improvement of the mathematical theory of training (MTT), which makes it possible to explain the basic regularities of didactic systems functioning using the analysis of their mathematical models. An actual problem of MTT is the mathematical solution of the optimization task of training, which consists in determining the conditions of the educational process organization, when its effectiveness is the highest. The result of optimization depends on the learner's assimilation coefficient, classes duration, distribution of learning material elements (LME) according to their complexity and importance. The aim of the work is to build the computer model of the didactic system and to find optimal study duration of LMEs which have various complexity and importance in conditions of the fixed classes duration. The methods of mathematical and computer modeling of the learning process are used, as well as the method of stochastic optimization with a return. It presumes creation of the computer program which makes a step in random direction in the multidimensional environment of optimized values and simulates the study of the given set of issues (LMEs) for new study durations. If the test results at the end of training are not better than at the previous step, then the computer returns to the previous state and repeats everything again. If the test results are higher, then the changes of the optimized values are accepted, and the next step is made from the new state. Gradually, the program approaches the optimal values of the study durations for LMEs. The main results of the work include: 1) the computer program which makes it possible to calculate the optimum values of study durations at different distributions of LMEs on the complexity categories; 2) the graphs of the optimal durations for studying LMEs, the student’s knowledge levels of specific LMEs and the total knowledge levels of different importance LMEs depending on their complexity. The theoretical significance of the article is due to the fact that it sets and solves the problem of optimizing the study durations of specific issues (LMEs) that are different in complexity and importance; this problem is a particular optimization task of the mathematical theory of training.

At the present stage of Russian education development, the problem of improving the quality of college students’ professional training in learning English according to the requirements of World Skills International remains urgent. World Skills International (WSI) is an international non-profit association. Its goal is to improve the status and standards of professional training and qualifications. Therefore, the orientation to the requirements of this association in preparation of college students for working professions in learning English seems to be an important component of their education. Practical command of professionally oriented English language becomes a significant indicator of a future specialist training quality and is an essential component in professional work. The foregoing proves the need to train specialists not only knowing English, but who are intended to develop professional intercultural communication and interaction in the field of professional activity. The purpose of this study in the article is to provide a scientific and practical justification for the need to improve the quality of professional training for college students in learning English, taking into account the requirements of World Skills International. The article is prepared on the basis of the following methods: theoretical review and analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the research problem, pedagogical observation and generalization of professionally oriented English teaching experience in the college. On the basis of the research results, the article presents the scientific substantiation of priority forms and methods of teaching the discipline "Foreign Language (English)" in accordance with the requirements of FSES basic professional education program, concerning specialty 54.02.01 "Design (by industries)", and professional exam World Skills. The theoretical significance of the research is due to the fact that the main theoretical and methodological guidelines on the issue of teaching professionally oriented English are analyzed and summarized; the content of World Skills International requirements for training specialists in a college are revealed. The practical significance of the research results is in determining priority forms and methods for improving the quality of college students’ professional training in learning English according to the requirements of World Skills International. The gradual learning of professionally oriented English by the college students is going on within the framework of the worked out practical classes. The main provisions and conclusions may be used by teachers of colleges in the process of preparing specialty 54.02.01 "Design (by industries)" students for the international professional exam World Skills.

Overcoming the crisis in education and establishment of a new educational system requires restoration of higher school education system in a new status, in particular, in questions of educational work with students of higher education institutions during the summer period. Summer vacation makes a considerable part of annual volume of students’ free time, but sometimes young people cannot organize their rest properly. This aspect is of undoubted interest in connection with close attention of researchers to the problems of students’ personal development, youth leisure and social activity in general. The effective organization of students’ summer vacation is complicated now by a number of contradictions between: traditional forms of summer vacation organization and expectations of modern students; the need to establish informal communication between students and teaching staff of the camp, to organize leisure activities based on new technologies, including information ones, and insufficient pedagogical support of such a work; high demands of students to the organization of summer vacation and limitation of material resources for their realization. The research objective consists in identification of effective forms of educational work with University students during the summer period in the conditions of the sports camp. The leading approaches to the problem research are: system, personal, activity-oriented and culturological ones. The main results of the research may be considered in the analysis of educational environment of higher education institutions, they make a certain contribution to development of the theory and practice of social activity, leisure pedagogics, provide useful material for the experts organizing summer vacation of higher school students. The theoretical importance of article is due to the analysis of the organization of educational work with students of higher education institutions during the summer period, characteristics of various forms of work and methodological recommendations concerning preparation and conducting summer health-improving campaign in the sports camp for students. The practical importance of work is determined by the presented experience of educational work with students of higher education institutions during the summer period in the sports camp “Ivushka”.

Modeling is used in any professional activity, it is a classical method of obtaining, describing and using knowledge. However, we could not find the model of students’ conflict behavior pedagogical correction in the educational environment of the college in the available literature. Therefore, the aim of the research is to develop a model of pedagogical correction of students' conflict behavior, to compile and test a program for its implementation in the educational environment of the college. Methodology and methods. The implemented modeling is conditioned by the identification of features, principles, classifications, requirements, stages of modeling. Three methods were used: K. Thomas's test, "Conflict level of personality" by E.I. Rogov, "Modular Sociotest" by A.Ya. Antsupov. The first-year students of the State Technical College "Lisakovskiy Technical College", specializing in "Construction and operation of buildings and structures" (N = 25), were selected as the pilot experimental base. Results and discussion. To implement the model studied, the program for the pedagogical correction of students’ conflict behavior in the educational environment of the college was created and used. After the implementation of the program, cooperation became the dominant strategy of behavior in the conflict situation, the average level of conflict prevailed; relations in dyads "student-group" and "morality-professionalism" were equalized. The students managed to develop the skills to exit the conflict constructively, to improve the skills of empathy and reflection, and also to use methods of emotions and behavior self-regulation. Conclusion. The conducted research showed that the discussed modeling and the program created for its implementation contributed to a positive dynamics of the main criterial indicators of the successful pedagogical correction of students’ conflicting behavior in the educational environment of the college.

Will refers to the key issues of personal development that determine the independence and responsibility of preschoolers for their future success. Today, physical training is aimed primarily at protecting and strengthening the health of children, increasing the body's protective forces, generation of an active interest in motor skills, abilities, volitional and physical qualities (speed, agility, litheness, and endurance), the formation of a health culture. The relevance of the topic is caused by the need for psychologists, teachers, and parents in the improvement of already existing approaches of psychological and pedagogical influence on the forming personality of a senior preschool child with the aim of developing autonomy, initiative, dedication, determination, and discipline. The need to develop new, rationally constructed and effective pedagogical technologies is obvious. The aim of this work is to study the methods and techniques of organizing senior preschoolers’ game activity in order to form their volitional qualities. The will is what makes a person capable of setting himself complex goals, achieving them, overcoming external and internal obstacles. A human is not born with a strong will, it is developed throughout life. The subjects of our work are the methods and techniques of organizing gaming activity in the classroom for the physical training of preschoolers in order to form volitional qualities. Methods of work include theoretical analysis of psychological and methodological literature; observation, experiment, conversation; method of quantitative and qualitative data processing. The study of the volitional sphere of senior preschool age children is attractive both in theoretical and in practical terms. There is an intensive formation of the volitional sphere at this age, which consists in the ability to obey the rules and requirements. Formation of volitional qualities in senior preschoolers leads to the development of the self-regulation ability. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that its results expand the understanding of the relationship between physical and volitional upbringing of senior preschool age children. The possibility of volitional qualities effective formation under the influence of purposeful pedagogical influences in the process of physical activity is proved. The practical significance of the work: the authors developed practical recommendations for selection and use of physical exercises to assess the level of independence and initiative development, to cultivate these qualities of the will through the use of a set of physical exercises, mainly aimed at the formation of dedication, determination, discipline. The results of the work for the formation of volitional qualities in older preschoolers during ascertaining experiment showed that mostly prevailed children with low-57%, average – 34% and high level – only 9%. The work does not end there. For the effective formation of volitional qualities we implement specially created pedagogical conditions which will help to increase the level of volitional qualities formation in older preschoolers. After studying the scientific literature, we come to the conclusion that different types of games in physical training influence on the formation of independence in children, discipline, determination, initiative. They bring up the desire to bring the work started to the end, to cultivate the ability to continue work, even if you do not want to do it or if there is more interesting activity. In other words, all types of games are aimed at the formation of the volitional qualities of the individual. Observation of the subjects showed that children became more willing to engage in physical training. This once again confirms the effectiveness of active, sports games in the development of interest in physical training.

In conditions of «idea crisis» in the Russian light industry, a designer must have competence to find new design solutions, new ideas, to use the whole spectrum of knowledge about world culture, sociology and ethnography; must be able to communicate with customers. The ability to make design sketches with a good quality contributes to activation of creative thinking, synthesis of humanitarian knowledge and improvement of communication with the customers. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the artistic and graphic education of students during preparation of light industry products designers. Despite the great number of studies related to the specialized drawing for industrial designers and architects, insufficient attention has been paid to sketch graphics preparation of light industry products designers due to the engineering orientation of their activities. Meanwhile, the work of designers in modern conditions is directly related to the creation of a visual image for the consumer, which should be preceded by a search using expressive means of graphics. The purpose of the research: to identify main problems of artistic and graphic preparation of students in the field of «Designing light industry products» and to find effective ways to improve the quality of students’ training. The main research methods are: analysis of students' work, conversation, interview, questionnaire and pedagogical experiment. The main results: the authors determined specificity of artistic and graphic activity in the field of designing light industry products, the criteria for evaluating the creative sketch of clothing, identified main problems of artistic preparation of students in the field of «Designing light industry products». They also worked out the tasks, contributing to the improvement of technical skills and creative abilities of students. The efficiency of these tasks was tested. Theoretical significance of the article is in justifying the need for artistic and graphic preparation of designers in order to increase competitiveness of the domestic light industry, to identify the main direction of artistic and graphic preparation of designers. The practical importance of the study is in developing criteria for evaluation of clothing creative sketch, as well as in offering methodically sound tasks, the effectiveness of which has been tested during pedagogical experiment.

The relevance of the presented study is due to the need for early detection and development of children's talent. Musical talent is one of the artistic talent types, the signs of which are revealed at the stage of preschool childhood already. We assume that the optimal conditions for the development of musical talent in preschool children may be additional education programs implemented on the basis of pre-school educational institutions. Thus, the aim of the study is to study the content of additional general development programs, as well as various forms of organization of children's activities aimed at the development of musical talent of preschool age children in conditions of additional education. The leading method in the preparation of this article was the theoretical analysis and comparison of various concepts and approaches to the development of children’s musical talent, which studied the essential characteristics of the concept of "talent", clarified the structure of musical talent of preschool children. The method of pedagogical experience generalization allowed to formulate conclusions about the need to develop special programs, the implementation of which would contribute to the development of musical talents. The article presents the author's additional general developing program "Rainbow of Talents". It focuses on the development of all components of preschool children musical talent (musical abilities, initiative and interest to musical activity, creativity manifestations). Various forms of children's activities organization are offered within the framework of the program. The joint musical activity of the child with the adult is based on the partnership and involves both group forms (thematic music classes, music halls, evenings of leisure, etc.) and individual (individual developing music classes). For the development of each component of musical talent, we selected a variety of didactic tools, exercises, games-improvisations, creative tasks, as well as approximate topics of projects aimed at developing interest in the art of music. Unlike the main program, the program of additional education allows to satisfy the individual preferences of children through a variety of children’s activity organization forms. The implementation of the proposed additional general development program allows to improve the level of children’s musical and creative abilities development, to form a stable interest in musical activity, which will increase the number of children with signs of musical talent, identified at the stage of preschool childhood. The article may be interesting for educators of preschool educational organizations: teachers of additional education and music instructors.

The problem of the spiritual and moral crisis, ripening in society, is associated with the growth of human cruelty, indifference and degradation. We consider the need to raise the younger generation with the help of the wise, time-tested traditions of the people as a way to overcome it and a means of progressive development of society. Therefore, the authors propose to use the rich spiritual heritage of previous generations, who left a rich experience in raising children. In particular, the basic principles and approaches to the training and education of children, historically developed by the Russian Cossacks, are analyzed. It is noted that Cossacks’ system of upbringing, based on national and Orthodox roots, postulating the values of free personal development, serving the Fatherland, is one of the basic components of traditional Cossack culture. The Cossacks tried to develop in the younger generation the traditional features of national identity: pride in their homeland; awareness of their historical duty and the importance of maintaining the continuity of generations and the purity of human thoughts; family value as a part of the clan, as a spiritual fortress. The upbringing of children in the Cossack family and community is carried out in work, which ensures the organic integration of the Cossack upbringing system in modern pedagogical theory and practice of teaching, educating, and socializing children through real personally significant pedagogically organized activities both in educational institutions and in the family. The study, revival and development of the Cossack upbringing system will contribute to the preservation and development of traditions, as well as create the basis for the organization of upbringing and educational work with children, and help to fight the moral degradation of society, contribute to the qualitative renewal of the education system as a basic social institution. It actualizes the axiological, cultural and historical components of the educational process.

One of the most relevant professional skills today is the ability to work in a team. It should be recognized that the high effectiveness of this work, common incentives, motivations do not arise spontaneously. These are manifestations of the personal potential of its members, a complex of qualities, abilities and skills belonging to individual team members. The aim of the article is to study the personal quality of “initiative” among students of the pedagogical university who are engaged in team activities. The authors studied semantic and substantive essential characteristics of initiative, its structure, specific features. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of various theories of the teamwork organization, both by foreign and domestic researchers, which cover a wide range of team building issues. Particular attention is paid to revealing social, socio-psychological, pedagogical, administrative and organizational, rational-organizational, administrative-organizational and virtual aspects of teamwork. The authors described a number of specific features of this type of activity: qualitative nature of interpersonal interactions in a group; duality, contradiction of wishes; distinctive national character of the group, manifested in a common, collective team spirit. Based on the analysis of “initiative” concept, its constituent components are identified: motivational-volitional, procedural-activity, and reflexive-evaluative ones. As a result of the study, the authors found out that acquiring effective teamwork skills contribute to the positive socialization of participants and to the formation of universal competences “Teamwork and leadership” according to FSES HE 44.03.01 Pedagogical Education and 44.03.05 Pedagogical Education (with two areas of training). Case technology and project technology in their harmonious combination were those to evaluate the level of initiative establishment. The presentation of theoretical material at the lessons in the case form and the public defense of its project decision allowed all team members to take initiative in varying degrees, which revealed the abilities and needs of the participant’s personality and the level of the team formation in general. The article may be interesting for teachers, specialists in the field of team building, those who work in the field of additional education, curators of student groups, class tutors.

The need for innovative technologies introduction in the educational process of universities actualized the study aimed at identifying the students’ role and attitude to the use of new approaches in education using modern technologies and assessing the opportunities of these technologies in the formation of the required competences. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify the influence of innovative technologies use in the educational work of universities on the process of students' relevant competences formation. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the integrated approach, including a variety of research methods: observation, survey (in the form of questionnaires), generalization of results, the method of graphic visualization, allowing to present a complete picture of the study how innovative technologies influence the process of competences formation. The article presents the characteristics of students’ attitude to the innovative technologies use, which allows identifying the possibilities and influence of e-learning on the process of students' competences formation. The innovative system LMS Blackboard Learn is used in the competences formation of students interviewed in the research process. It is considered by the authors on the example of Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N.Tupolev (Kazan). Its implementation is due to the digitalization of the entire economy, as the preparation for work in the new modern conditions of higher education graduates requires the introduction of new educational technologies in the educational process. The implementation of innovative educational technologies in the educational work, focused on training with the use of modern means of electronic communication, will allow increasing the scale and quality of learning disciplines by the students, improving transparency and control of the learning results’ estimation, and enhance information-methodical competences of the teachers.

The development of the regional pedagogical community is one of the education strategy directions in the Russian Federation. Therefore, on the one hand, the forecasted number of students and teaching staff in the forecast until 2030 as compared to 2018 indicates an increase in the number of students and teachers by an average of 20% in both Russia and the Kirov region. On the other hand, the specificity of the pedagogical community as compared with any other labor collective definitely exists, since the pedagogical team develops in unity with the student body. In this perspective, the characteristics of age heterogeneity is of particular relevance. In this regard, the key point in managing the development of the regional pedagogical community is the use of the existing age structure analysis for each school subject teachers. Neglecting the analysis of teachers’ age characteristics may lead to ineffective implementation of the regional education system development program. First, the risk of subject teachers’ shortage in the nearest future increases. Therefore, the analysis of teachers’ age structure in the regional education system remains highly relevant. Accordingly, the purpose of the article is to analyze and forecast the development of the age structure heterogeneity among pedagogical community of the Kirov region. Based on the data analysis of the expert-analytical assessment of the educational institutions’ personnel potential in the Kirov region, the authors of the article justify the need for management decisions in personnel policy of the Kirov region education. The leading approaches here are the methodology of the normal and natural distribution of age groups in the structure of the regional pedagogical community. As a result of the study, the authors of the article note: the average age of teachers in the Kirov region is 5 years higher than the average age of teachers in the Russian Federation; a significant shortage of teachers aged 30 to 45 years; unacceptable teachers’ age structure is observed among teachers of physics, mathematics, biology and chemistry; the average rate of a school teacher in one subject is 0.70; teachers of mathematics, Russian language and literature, foreign languages, physical training instructors and primary school teachers have the greatest academic load. The theoretical significance of the article is due to the contribution to the development of scientific ideas about the age heterogeneity of the teaching staff in educational institutions. Practical use of the research results allows us to build trajectories of the Kirov region pedagogical community development on the basis of implementing a complex of management and organizational measures to achieve the normal state of the pedagogical community age structure in the region.

The article describes the differentiated approach in the prevention of speech disorders in children at an early age. The authors give a description of children with risk factors for alalia, dysarthria and stammering. They also present comparative indicators of the objective activity, communication and procedural games formation level.

The article presents the results of the scientific analysis of dispositions and psychological borders relations of consultative dialogue participants. The conditions of dialogue as an "ideal speech situation", its localization in the "world on the border" and the function of “me” borders in its provision are considered. The author systematizes distortions of dialogue dispositions on the part of the consultant and the client because of their psychological borders dysfunction. She offers conclusions about the need to focus on this phenomenon in the practice of psychological consultations.

The article deals with the peculiarities of interpersonal interaction of children having speech pathology with their peers. We identified three models of interaction. The first model is characterized as normative. The second and third models are considered as non-normative. They are associated with manifestations of excessive compliance or aggression. The article notes that the formation of compliant and aggressive interaction with peers occurs under the influence of speech pathology, when the social and communicative development of the child is significantly complicated.

The materials of the article present the diagnostic results of the speech expression development in pre-school children of the fourth year of life with speech tempo delay and with normal speech development. Based on the results of the analysis of diagnostic data obtained during the ascertaining experiment, we identified a number of problems that pre-school children of the fourth year of life with speech tempo delay had in the process of producing utterances. They were the following: speech negativism in some children; predominance of monosyllabic statements over two-, three-, four-syllabic ones; presence of persistent agrammatism; presence of difficulties in identifying the object of perception with an appropriate grammatical category by analogy with the proposed sample; difficulties in sentences transformation; difficulties in the internal programming of utterance and the implementation of syntactic control.

The ability to formulate a thought and express it in speech is an important characteristic of the personality. Coherent speech begins to form in the preschool age, but there are some peculiarities of narrative utterance in case of general underdevelopment of speech.

The article reveals the peculiarities of texts content understanding by junior schoolchildren with hearing impairments. To assess this ability, a complex of three diagnostic tasks is proposed. The results of children examination are presented. It is reported that junior schoolchildren with hearing impairments distort the content of the texts read. Children focus on individual words, and not on the content of the story as a whole. Students do not define semantic links between parts of texts.

The article describes the problem of hypodynamia development, its prerequisites and consequences. The authors give the definition of "hypodynamia" concept and present the results of a study of hypodynamia risk in children of senior preschool age. They studied and determined the level of children's health (medical records of children were studied); the level of health culture of preschool children, their way of life, the level of parents' interest in the health of their children, as well as the level of valeological knowledge among teachers.

The process of computerization is gaining momentum every year. Computers, access to Internet resources are available at almost all homes and schools. The use of information and communication technologies leads to the stimulation of mental activity, makes it possible to increase the volume of received information, and systematizes thinking. But is a computer safe for a child?

The article considers organizational levels of the enterprise. The authors investigate the subjects of conflicts and study the causes of conflicts in the enterprise. They offer some measures to prevent conflicts and recommend principles of conflict-free interaction, as well as make analytical conclusions.

The article deals with the concept and characteristics of legal globalization, the author tries to highlight the features of legal globalization that distinguish it from globalization processes in other spheres. The relevance of the topic is conditioned by the fact that the process of cultural, economic, political and religious integration and unification is taking place at an unprecedented pace today, globalization processes affect all spheres of public life, including the legal sphere. This study resulted in identification of six features of legal globalization. The author concludes that despite the long period of scientific study of this phenomenon and despite a significant number of scientific studies devoted to globalization, the question of the concept and content of legal globalization phenomenon remains open for discussion.

The article identifies three types of contacting subjects of the study: positive, neutral, negative. The author shows their probabilistic character and the possibility of dividing them into clusters (disjoint sets). The classification of sociological indices is given. A method for describing and calculating sociological indices in fuzzy conditions is worked out, and examples of various fuzzy sociological indices calculation are considered.

The presidential republic is historically the first form of the republic in which the president is the head of state. It still dominates the republican form of government. The homeland of the presidential republic was the United States of America, which in 1787 consolidated this form of government in its Constitution. Many nations followed their path, but in fact, no other country in the world succeeded in the presidential republic transplantation. Attempts to establish it everywhere ended in the establishment of some form of dictatorship and hypertrophied authorities of the state head.

The article assesses the communicative resource of trust in the social practices of modern Russian society through consideration of such communication forms as social dialogue, forms of global and specialized (political) communication. The author suggests definition of communicative trust from the point of view of several research approaches and paradigms synthesis.

The article analyzes the results of the sociological survey of Togliatti city residents in order to determine the level of their readiness for innovation. The authors give a list of the most significant instrumental values of two age categories respondents: from 18 to 35 years and from 36 years and older. They identify attitudes towards business and project activities.

In his article, the author made an attempt to highlight the deterministic possibility of philosophical ideas. In particular, there is an appeal to the sphere of politics and law. Political and legal ideas of thinkers from Antiquity to the Renaissance were chosen for the study. The philosophers, chosen to contemplate their ideological contribution to politics and law, were truly not only people of their time but also determined the intellectual heritage of future epochs. The author analyzes and reveals determinative possibilities of philosophical ideas in the field of politics and law. In conclusion, the author sets the direction of future research in those eras of philosophical thought, which are the richest in their politico-legal heritage.

The article reveals the forms of work for deputies of a representative body of local self-government. The author makes an analysis of federal and regional laws norms, municipal legal acts, and relevant scientific works. In the author's opinion, the strategy of legal regulation of these forms of deputy activity has changed negatively in the post-Soviet period. He justifies some proposals concerning the improvement of the regulatory and legal framework in this sphere of social relations.

The article presents the analysis of social development concept dynamics in social science, as well as the analysis and peculiarities of the concept formation and approaches to social development in the domestic science in particular. The basic concept of the research is that social development consists in ensuring the development of a person through the expansion of his social opportunities. The theoretical and methodological basis of our research is based on the idea of going from economic growth absolutization to socially responsible policy, which takes into account triggering the mechanism of Russian society economy socialization. In general, economy socialization is one of the world's trends in the development of society. It has the character of a stable tendency in the modern world, turning into a kind of refrain in the light of socially oriented development. At the same time, we take into account that in the system of key result indicators of social development, triggering the mechanism of economy socialization can determine at the regional level the following effects: people's well-being improvement; improvement of labor conditions and labor protection system; ensuring social guarantees in the sphere of labor and employment; improvement of employment relations index; improvement of regional ecological stability; reduction of regional conflict potential.

This article presents the potential possibilities of philosophy, represented through the objective predisposition of this science representatives to searching, systematization and substantiation of ideas, views and dogmas that have exceptional significance for all humankind in general and for science in particular. In addition, special attention is paid to the problem of the relationship between religion and science through the prism of their constituent elements - religious faith and scientific knowledge, which are the objective and descriptive elements of each of the categories presented. The author analyzes the concepts of "religious faith" and "scientific knowledge", as well as the similarities and differences between religion and science.

The article analyzes the phenomenon of ownership in its legal, economic, political and philosophical perspectives. Ownership is considered as an opportunity and as a guarantee of sustainable development. Comparative context is used to identify the specificity of the bourgeois model of owners’ power (social state) and the domestic concept of power-ownership (including socialist state). The author draws conclusions about ways to overcome the competition between the state and the market for the human resource and proposes to explore the ideological provision of power- ownership in order to appreciate its progressive potential and predilection in relation to the liberal model of social development.

One of the directions of modern university development is the organization of effective cooperation between scientific and educational center and commercial enterprise by creating a "spin-off". New economic forms of “spin-off” organization are especially relevant for Spain, because they contribute to the maintenance of stable economic development of the country based on interaction between research, education and innovation spheres.

The article analyzes the dynamics of small business development in Russia, the institutions and instruments of its government support, and the existing problems of small business development. As a result, the authors draw conclusions about the drawbacks in the application of various forms of support for small business, and the need to improve the government policy for the development of this economy segment.

The author makes an analysis of indicators characterizing economic development of Tula region for the period from 1965 to 1985 in the framework of the research conducted in connection with the 100th anniversary of the Soviet state and party figure, the first secretary of the Tula Regional Committee of the CPSU from 1961 to 1985, Ivan Kharitonovich Yunak (19.03.1918 - 31.07.1995).

The article confirms the necessity of implementing a distributed system of regional monitoring as one of the effective tools for implementing government regional policy. A three-level model for monitoring the regional economic complex is proposed.

At present, price changes are of great importance in economic development. Price dynamics in the production of oil and products of its processing plays an important role too. This research paper examines price changes in the Volga Federal District in 2013 - 2017. It shows the influence of price fluctuations on the socio-economic growth of regions. The change in prices for gasoline and diesel fuel, which are among the main goods of oil production, is reflected in the dynamics of all economic processes. In 2013-2017, the change in the cost of gasoline and diesel fuel occurred both in the production sector and in the consumption of motor fuel. At the same time, the average rise in prices for consumer goods in the Volga Federal District was lower than for the products of producers. The rise in prices is largely due to the constant demand for these products, as well as the increase in costs associated with work to improve the quality of products. Another important factor in the transformation of the entire economic complex on an innovative basis and with the use of digital technologies is the presence of a strong scientific base and a huge number of higher educational institutions of various specialization in the district.

The article considers the methodology of marginal analysis, gives an assessment of its practical importance in terms of operational management and maintaining the competitiveness of IT companies. The features of EDI and EDM companies-providers are illustrated. The definitions of the main categories of marginal analysis are given. The technology of calculating marginal revenue is described. The author gives an example of making an administrative decision based on the results of a marginal analysis.

The article deals with models that allow organizing the negotiating processes of the enterprise: models of game theory; models of system dynamics; complex methods associated with the use of negotiation support systems. Each model has its own peculiarities, which are revealed in the article.

The article examines the main results, as well as the problems and trends in the further development of the market for voluntary medical insurance in the Russian Federation, including promising types of insurance, development of service components, etc.

The article deals with symbolic functions of flower names in A. A. Akhmatova and N. S. Gumilev poetry. In the course of the study, there were found stable associations connected with the names of flowers in the poetic individual styles of two authors. Identified associations were classified according to the types of literary meanings in linguopoetics. The authors find that emotional function of phytonyms in individual styles of A. A. Akhmatova and N. S. Gumilev's is associated with the symbolic expression of various love feeling shades, with the expression of symbolic meanings that characterize the inner world of the lyric hero: love confusion, solitude, sadness and the rebirth of the soul. In the poetry of N. S. Gumilev, the substantial function of flowers designations serves for creation details of literary images: ideal world, sea element, abstract entities (perfection, unattainability of the ideal, etc.).

The article is devoted to the translation of phraseological units, which represent one of the most important layers of the vocabulary faced by a person who studies English as a foreign language. The authors of the article aim to identify the main problems associated with the translation of these lexical units into Russian, and the ways to overcome them. On the basis of the analysis, the main types of phraseological units, their origin sources and peculiarities of these lexical units translation are distinguished.