Viktoriya Savina

The article reveals the key ideas of the cultural concept of S. Freud described them in his one main philo-sophic works "and its discontents." Is an ambivalent nature of the phenomenon of culture: as a means of survival of the human race culture over time, working from the inside out through the "superego" ("culture"), has become more and more repressive toward man, leaving many opportunities for full human life. Study of the Genesis, evolution and essence of culture is intended to help people choose the right way to achieve happiness.

The authors reveal the key points of the cultural theory of O. Spengler: the decline of the West. The authors describe the ideas of the theory in the Russian and European cultures.