Irina Nikolaeva

The relevance of the problem is due to the following factors. Structural and substantive reform of military education, the transition to training according to the new state educational standards require the development of fundamentally new mechanisms, organizational, methodological, scientific and information support of the educational process, the development and implementation of adequate training technologies. The relevance of the topic of this study is due to the specific features of training in a military higher school and a new paradigm of military education, which provides for a shift in emphasis in the educational process towards the development of personal abilities of the officer, his command qualities, professional competences. Optimization of the military education system, implementation of the competence approach to training future officers, necessitated the development of fundamentally new mechanisms to ensure the educational process of the military higher school, aimed at its activation. There are new higher requirements for graduates of military higher schools. Purpose of the work: to study the theoretical and practical development of modern technologies for the formation of professional competences in military higher school in the process of teaching physics. Leading approaches to the study of the problem: competence approach, activity-oriented approach, system approach, personality-oriented approach. The main results of the article: differentiation of semantically close terms "competence" and "competency", definition of their content and structural components; definition of professional competence and its specificity applicable to graduates of military higher schools; identification of effective pedagogical modern technologies of professional competences formation in military higher school in the process of teaching physics. The theoretical significance of the article is in the systematization and generalization of the available data concerning the problem of professional competences formation among military higher school cadets in the process of learning physics. The practical significance of the article is due to the fact that the literature review will be the basis for planning and further empirical research of the professional competences of military higher school cadets.

Teaching physics at a military university is characterized by certain professional characteristics. The physics course is the base for further successful learning of profession relevant subjects. Taking into consideration complexity of the subject, especially for the first-year cadets, we must provide systematic diagnosis, development and assessment of the cadets' professional competencies formation in the course of the educational process. The purpose of the article is to describe the author's experience in developing a model for the formation of cadets' professional competencies in a military high school in the process of teaching physics. The article considers the following concepts: "competence", "competency". Leading approaches to the study of this problem in military pedagogy from the point of view of the competence approach are analyzed. The author adheres to the following position based on the analysis of theoretical sources on the topic of the research in this article: professional competency is a set of competences related to the professional activities of a specialist and reflecting the sum of his professional theoretical knowledge, practical skills, personal qualities and attitudes towards himself and other people, to their activities. The author proposes a model for the formation of military cadets’ professional competences. The developed model is based on determining the criteria for their formation, indicators of behavior for each competence, methods, forms and means of developing professional competences and assessing the level of their formation according to the program for learning physics at a military higher school. The theoretical significance of the article is in analyzing leading approaches to the problem of the military cadets’ professional competences forming. The practical importance of the article is in developing a model for forming professional competences in the process of teaching physics, determining the criteria for their formation, determining the indicators of behavior for each competence, determining methods, forms and means for developing professional competences and assessing the level of their formation.