Ksenia S. Shalaginova

The article is aimed at analyzing and improving existing career guidance practices. Today, children are changing, the world of professions, society, professionally important qualities are undergoing changes, that leads to the need to justify, fill in new technologies for professional self-determination. The purpose of the article is the analysis of modern technologies of career guidance in adolescence and young age, the evaluation of the effectiveness of training programs for students to make a conscious choice of profession in the ever-increasing complexity of expanding living conditions. The authors note the importance of building up readiness for a conscious and independent construction of a personal educational and professional route, the active inclusion of students, their parents in the process of self-determination. The basic methods of career guidance are considered: informational, activating, developing, diagnostic and consulting. The target category of the study is students in grades 7–9. Research methods: theoretical (analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature), empirical (questioning, testing, formative experiment). The development of proposals for improving the system of modern career guidance is rather relevant. As a result of rethinking new approaches to career guidance, the authors focus on the training of specialists providing psychological and pedagogical support to students in the process of formation and implementation of the educational and professional route. The results of the study can be the basis for working out new instruments and the content of professional self-determination. The study meets the important challenge of the present – the creation of a system of professional self-determination of students and professional growth of specialists. The materials of the article can be used by bachelor students in psychological and pedagogical areas of training, researchers and practitioners dealing with career guidance issues, and for the organization of psychological assistance to students.

The article is devoted to training future teachers for the work with children with disabilities in a mass school. The urgency of the problem under study is due to several reasons. Firstly, the system of professional education has undergone changes, there is a need to train a highly qualified teacher who is able to work with children with disabilities. Secondly, the number of children with disabilities is growing. Thirdly, the modern educational process is heterogeneous. Fourthly, modern society has become more humane and tolerant. Thus, the purpose of the article is to create a model of the future teacher's readiness to work with children with disabilities and to test its effectiveness in practice. The study uses the following methods: analysis of domestic and foreign literature, modeling, questioning, forming experiment. The results of the study include the following: the personal, informational and practical components of the future teacher's readiness to work with children with disabilities are formed in the process of learning the disciplines of the psychological-pedagogical cycle. The results of students’ questioning are presented. The use of active and innovative teaching methods in the educational process allows us to form a high level of learning motivation and pedagogical thinking. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that it makes a certain contribution to the theory of learning and education in higher school, expands and enriches the concept of the substantive and technological foundations of preparing the future teacher to work with children with disabilities in a mass school and opens up prospects for further improving the training of a specialist in education. The practical significance lies in the fact that the method proposed in the article for preparation of students for work with children with disabilities in a mass school in the process of educational, quasi-professional and real pedagogical activity may be used in the process of training a teacher in any educational field. The article may be interesting to the academic staff of secondary and higher educational institutions, psychologists, teachers.