Inna V. Syslonova

The relevance of the research is determined by the objective challenges of our time: the acceleration of technological progress, the transition to an innovative economy and digital transformation, which exacerbate the shortage of engineering personnel. The key problem is the lack of a holistic methodological justification for developing the foundations of engineering thinking in primary school students, despite the recognition of this age as sensitive for this process. The aim of the article is to scientifically substantiate a holistic methodological complex for the effective development of engineering thinking foundations in children aged 7-11 years, integrating objective patterns, a system of complementary approaches and age–appropriate pedagogical principles. The methodological basis consists of hierarchically organized and complementary approaches: synergetic (a scientific basis explaining the nonlinearity and self-organization of the process), convergent (a theoretical and methodological strategy for integrating knowledge) and environmental (practice-oriented tactics of organizing the educational setting). Main results: a system of interrelated patterns has been identified that determine the necessity and specifics of the early formation of engineering thinking foundations; a hierarchical system of methodological approaches has been substantiated; a system of technological education principles has been identified, which serves as a practical tool for the implementation of these approaches. The key achievement is the operationalization of the complex, demonstrated through the author's original table of interrelationships of patterns, approaches, principles and components of engineering thinking. The theoretical significance lies in the integration of synergetic, convergent and environmental approaches into a single holistic model that overcomes the fragmentation of existing research. The practical significance is confirmed by the data of the pilot study, which showed a statistically significant increase in the key components of engineering thinking, and consists in providing specific guidelines for the design of educational programs and the developing environment in primary schools and additional education.

The modern sphere of education in Russia is aimed at strengthening traditional spiritual and moral values. According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 9, 2022 No. 809, a special place among them take such values as citizenship, high moral ideals and historical memory. They form the basis for schoolchildren to realize their belonging to the civil community and the cultural basis of the country - the basis of their civic identity. But the experience of the existence of the state-administrative system of Russian general education demonstrates the need for a methodological development of conditions for the implementation of a schoolchild's civic identity. These conditions should support the student's activities, when the child not only develops an idea of values but also appropriates them. The aim of the article is to describe the technology of designing board games with students as a condition for the development of their civic identity. The leading approach to designing board games with students is the idea of a person as a social unit and a unique personality with the ability to identify and seclude oneself. The authors of the article distinguish four interrelated blocks in the described technology: a block of forming opportunities for the implementation of their civic identity by schoolchildren; a block describing the stages and guidelines in designing board games with students; a board game model; an evaluative and demonstrative block. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technology, the project "Vyatka through the eyes of children" was implemented from the 2023 to 2024 academic year. As a result of the study, the authors found a positive relationship between the activity of designing board games with students and the development of their civic identity. The theoretical significance of the article stems from the authors' contribution to the development of scientific ideas about the conditions for the development of schoolchildren's civic identity. Practical application of the technology of designing board games with students in education allow us to achieve the most effective results in the development of the civic identity of schoolchildren.