Elena V. Bogomolova

In the modern world, primary school strives for the harmonious development of a student’s personality and health, and forms a system of values based on moral, aesthetic and ethical principles. It should prepare children for independent learning of the world around them, self-education and self-development, and educate a citizen of the country who not only knows his/her rights, but also responsibly performs civic duties. The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that one of the main functions of primary school is to initiate students into the world culture, into the identity and heritage of our country: language, history, literature, art, scientific achievements. Since culture, uniting people into communities and nations, is a source of educational influence and the result of education, the cultural and educational activities of teachers are an important element of teachers' professionalism. The aim of the article is to assess the readiness of acting primary school teachers and to substantiate the need for the integrated use of cultural and axiological approaches in the preparation of primary school teachers for cultural and educational activities. The research was carried out within the framework of systemic, cultural and axiological approaches. The methods of theoretical research included literature analysis, comparison of the role of education and the characteristics of cultural and educational activities in Russian schools and abroad. The results of the research show that there are problems in the education and subsequent training of primary school teachers in terms of the implementation of cultural and educational activities: poor knowledge and mastery of key concepts and methodological approaches, lack of implementation skills, lack of awareness of the importance and readiness to participate in this activity. The theoretical significance of the study is related to the comparison of approaches available in scientific literature to preparing teachers for cultural and educational activities. The practical significance lies in the fact that the systematized material, conclusions and identified problems can become the basis for the development of training programs for preservice and acting teachers to conduct cultural and educational activities.

The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop the competence among cadets of military higher education institution in applying modeling in their professional activities, because the fact is that at the current stage of of the Russian armed forces development, formalized methods of information processing and modeling are increasingly used. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the essence, structure, content of the competence of applying modeling in professional activities of military higher education institution cadets, to determine the criteria and indicators of the level of formation of this competence components. The works of Russian and foreign researchers, referred to the concepts of model, modeling, modeling in military affairs, competency, competence, cadet competence, works in the field of training cadets and officers to apply modeling served as the theoretical basis of the study. The methodological basis of the study is a systems approach based on the consideration of an object as a system (in our case, such an object is the concept of "modeling competence"). This approach allowed to define the concept of "competence in applying modeling in professional activities by cadets of military universities" based on the analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature and the activities of officers in the field of applying modeling in professional activities, the principles of integrity, hierarchy, and consistency. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, based on the analysis of the concepts of "model", "modeling", "modeling in military affairs", "competency", "competence", "officer competence", "cadet competence", as well as studying the activities of officers in modeling and practical application of models in professional activities, a definition of the competence of applying modeling is given, its essence and structural composition are revealed, and the indicators of the formation of competence components by levels (low, sufficient, advanced) are described. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the expansion by the authors of scientific ideas about the competence of applying modeling in professional activities among cadets of military universities. The results of the study can be used by teachers of military universities of the Russian Federation in practical activities in the process of building up the military-professional competence of cadets.