Vladimir G. Maralov

The relevance of the problem is due to the importance of studying the factors that determine the type of people's attitude to dangers. The aim of the work was to identify the relationship of sensitivity to threats, the choice of adequate or inadequate ways to respond in situations of danger with the parameters of the Dark Triad of personality (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy). The study involved students of the Cherepovets State University (N=103 people, average age 18.29 years). The author's questionnaires to identify sensitivity to threats and ways to respond in situations of danger, as well as a Short questionnaire of the Dark Triad of personality by D. Jones and D. Paulhus in the adaptation of M.S. Egorova, M.A. Sitnikova and O.V. Parshikova were used as diagnostic tools. As a result of empirical research, it was found that narcissism is positively associated with sensitivity to threats and the choice of adequate ways to respond in situations of danger, Machiavellianism positively correlates with exaggeration of danger, and psychopathy negatively correlates with sensitivity and positively – with the underestimation of dangers. The study confirmed the conclusion existing in psychology that narcissism is the "light" side of the Dark triad of personality. The results obtained can be used in the process of forming an adequate type of attitude to dangers among students.

The urgency of the problem is due to the importance of the study of irritability and touchiness as negative personality traits that prevent the establishment of optimal relations with other people. The purpose of the work was to identify the relationship of irritability and touchiness with egocentrism, attitude towards people and irrational beliefs among students. The study involved 77 students of the Cherepovets State University - future psychologists. The authors’ questionnaires for detecting irritability to people, sensitivity to a person, the test of egocentric associations by T. I. Pashukova, the touchiness scale of E. P. Ilyin and P. A. Kovalev, the list of irrational beliefs of A. Beck and A. Freeman were used as diagnostic tools. As a result, a positive relationship was revealed between irritability and passive-aggressive irrational beliefs, as well as between touchiness and egocentrism with irrational beliefs of a dependent type. In addition, a negative relationship was revealed between touchiness and such characteristics of attitudes toward people as understanding of a person and willingness to provide assistance. These results may be used in the framework of the university psychological services, as well as in the process of training students - future teachers and psychologists.

The paper is devoted to the problem of interrelation of people’s attitude towards dangers and needs for danger and safety, readiness for risk and motivation of success achievement or avoidance of failures. On the basis of the empirical research conducted on students, it was established that needs for experience of feeling safety and ensuring safety are the basis of sensitivity to dangers. Ability to adequate reaction in situations of threat is caused by readiness for reasonable, but not excessive risk. The exaggeration of dangers results from a combination of needs for safety with aspiration to avoidance of failures and unavailability of a person to risk. Ignoring of dangers is defined by the need for experience of feeling of danger, aspiration to high risk at not expressed motivation of progress achievement or failure avoidances. The received results can be used in the correction course of non-optimal types of people’s attitude towards dangers.

The article is devoted to identifying and describing the structure of the security needs of the students. There are four types of needs: the need to experience a sense of danger; the need to experience a sense of security; the need to find a thrill; need for security. It is noted that the most important role among them is played by the need to ensure security. From the ratio of expression of these needs is allocated and is characterized by eight types of students. It is suggested that the best is the type where dominated by the need for security.

The paper deals with the problem of non-violent attitude to yourself. It shows that the condition of non-violent attitude to yourself on the self-adoption of a person, and its strategic goal is the principle of “taking care of yourself”. The private cultivation strategies are acquisition, disposal, control and conversion. From the standpoint of non-violent attitude, constructive strategies are conversion and acquisition, and destructive one is deliverance.