Olga V. Smirnova

The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of preschool age for the organization of interpersonal interaction, the need to develop leadership abilities in older preschool age. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of the empathy manifestation in children of older preschool age with different levels of leadership abilities. According to the results of the study, it was established that children-leaders have a high level of the development of empathy emotional and behavioral components; children with an average and low level of leadership abilities have an average level of emotional and behavioral manifestations of empathy.

The family is a holistic system that is influenced by various difficult situations, including conflict. The ability of spouses to adequate, constructive coping with a conflict situation is a factor in the well-being of the family. Knowing the characteristics of the coping behavior of men and women will allow us to see important resources, the formation and development of which will maintain stability and vitality of the family in the process of overcoming conflict situations. The purpose of this empirical study was to identify the characteristics of coping behavior in situations of marital conflict between men and women. Based on an empirical study conducted on a sample of 40 women and 40 men, we found that the choice of relatively productive behaviors (in the cognitive and behavioral spheres) and unproductive options (in the emotional sphere) is more characteristic for men and women, in general, in the situation of marital conflict. The proportion of unproductive coping behaviors in situations of marital conflict in the emotional and behavioral spheres is significantly higher for men than for women. At the same time, women more often than men use productive options for coping strategies in the cognitive and emotional spheres. The obtained results may be used in the process of family counseling and correction of marriage and family relations.

The article is devoted to identifying and describing the structure of the security needs of the students. There are four types of needs: the need to experience a sense of danger; the need to experience a sense of security; the need to find a thrill; need for security. It is noted that the most important role among them is played by the need to ensure security. From the ratio of expression of these needs is allocated and is characterized by eight types of students. It is suggested that the best is the type where dominated by the need for security.