Keyword: «duty»
The article examines the state of the sunflower seed market and assesses the risks of financial losses for producers from unfair pricing. Market monitoring showed a sharp drop in seed prices. The market is in a state of prolonged stagnation. Wholesale buyers pursue a corporate strategy of price containment in order to satisfy their own economic interests. Manufacturers suffer financial losses, which create increased risks of unprofitable production. The introduction of export customs duties had a significant impact on the fall in market prices. A situation has developed in the sunflower seed market in which the producer bears financial losses from duties. It was concluded that the mechanism for regulating duties does not take into account the consequences for seed producers.
Keywords:
profitability, risks, duty, market, market price, manufacturer, financial losses, sunflower seeds, wholesale buyer
The paper examines the problems of the formation of the commercial population and entrepreneur-ship in the cities of the Akmola region in the late XIX – early XX centuries. Based on a comparative analysis, the author came to the conclusion that the convenient geographical location of the cities, the trade policy of the authorities contributed to the growth of trade and the emergence of entrepreneurship in the cities of the Akmola region in the late XIX – early XX centuries. Founded as military fortresses Omsk, Petropavlovsk, Akmolinsk, they later turned into trading posts and business centers. The study of archival documents in the state archives of Almaty, Kokshetau, Astana and Petropavlovsk revealed new historical data about the first entrepreneurs. The role of entrepreneurship in the economic development of fortress cities, the transition from barter to stationary trade, is undeniable. The increase in trade turnover in cities, the construction of new buildings, all this is due to the activities of residents and authorities of the cities of Akmola region in the late XIX – early XX centuries.
Keywords:
strategy, entrepreneurship, taxes, trade, bank, duty, administration, shop, cities, location
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