Keyword: «educational goals»

The article highlights the importance of the educational process in the system of higher school. The authors examine the features of practical educational work with students in details. They give a brief description of the daily work of the Academy’s teaching staff from the point of view of educating.

Abstract. The article is devoted to the features of the formation and further development of educational and upbringing goals within the framework of the studied disciplines of the natural science cycle. The authors in the article reveal the features of training and education of students, which will allow students to form not only professional competencies, but also high moral values.

The relevance of this research stems from the absence of systematic works examining the goals of biology education in Indonesian senior high schools over the past four decades from a historical-pedagogical perspective. The majority of existing studies merely present the dynamics of changes in the Indonesian curriculum as a whole, without specifically analyzing the aims of biology education. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the goals of teaching biology in Indonesian senior high schools (1975–2013). This study employed the historical research method with document analysis, drawing upon the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, government policies, school curricula, the Outlines of the Educational Program, textbooks, literature from the repository of the Ministry of Education (Kemendikdasmen), and relevant articles from various sources such as Google Scholar and Springer. The documents analyzed cover the period from 1975 to 2013 and encompass six Indonesian education curricula, namely the senior high school curricula of 1975, 1984, 1994, 2004, 2006, and 2013. The findings of the study indicate that the overarching goal of teaching biology at the senior high school level in the Indonesian educational curriculum is to help students comprehend the majesty and omnipotence of their Creator through the study of biological concepts and their interrelationships, to train them in the use of scientific methods based on a scientific approach, and to cultivate a "whole Indonesian person" imbued with the spirit of Pancasila, who will be of value to self-development and the nation-building of Indonesia in the future. Although the formulation of this goal is constantly changing, the general aim of studying biology at this level is to assist students, in the spirit of Pancasila, in mastering biological knowledge through scientific methods while adapting to the advancement of the times, science, and technology. Theoretically, these findings contribute to the field of Indonesian education research. Practically, they are expected to serve as: 1) material for the evaluation and critical reflection of future curricula; 2) a reference point in the development of teaching materials on the history of biology; and 3) a foundation for formulating biology learning goals and models that are not only aligned with contemporary educational trends but also consistent with Indonesia's national development goals.