Keyword: «evolution»

The etymology and history of the formation of the term «evolution» in relation to biological and ecological systems are considered. The expediency of the thermodynamic approach to the description of evolution in ecological and other systems is argued. The concept of the ecological (thermodynamic) potential of a population is introduced. A thermodynamic equation of evolutionary ecology is proposed.

The article deals with the evolution of mathematics. A parallel is drawn between the evolution in different fields: living organisms, technological development of social life, changes in the perception and teaching of the basics of mathematics to students of economic specialties.

The ability to adapt to environmental changes is one of the necessary properties for the survival of living systems. The mechanisms that ensure this ability are the result of natural selection and must be fixed at the genetic level. This work explores possible approaches to modeling the evolution of a population in a changing natural environment.

In the article, from the standpoint of a systematic approach, an analysis of the evolution of the concept of "aviation system" is presented. The hierarchical levels of the aviation system of the Russian Armed Forces aviation are considered. The concept of "primary aviation system" is proposed for use.