Keyword: «instructions»

The article is devoted to the history of physical training in the time period from the Russian army to the Russian Armed forces. The main stages of development of physical training, its role in different historical periods are considered. Examples of works of the figures who made a significant contribution to the development of physical education of the soldier are given. It indicates the exceptional need for this type of training for military people. And also the concept for the future construction of the armed forces until 2020 is considered.

The article deals with a topical topic for understanding the structure of translation from German into Russian and vice versa. The goal is to learn how to translate texts of different complexity. Tasks – analyze the algorithm of translation of sentences; understand the practical refraction of grammatical rules in the process of translation. The article offers tips and instructions for beginners to learn German, which can be the basis of the translation algorithm in practical classes.

This article presents the results of a study of the pragmatically conditioned lexico-grammatical and prosodic manifestation of directive speech acts in modern German. Through the analysis of German oral discourse, the pragmatic characteristics and situa-tional conditions for the implementation of the main types of directives – instructions, de-mands, orders – were described; typical means of their verbal implementation and prosod-ic models, including characteristics of basic frequency, intensity and duration, were identi-fied. A comprehensive analysis of the means of conveying directive speech influence in official and everyday discourse has made it possible to establish that a directive speech act represents a verbal-prosodic correlate, in which prosody is the most variable compo-nent.